Cultivation and Grafting of Cucumber in Greenhouse
1. Preparation before grafting
1.1 Selection of Cucumber Rootstocks
There are many kinds of rootstocks suitable for grafting cucumbers, such as Chinese pumpkin, loofah, and gourd, but most of them have a great influence on the quality of cucumbers, and the quality of cucumbers is poor, and the cucumbers that are grafted out have poor taste. According to the experience of recent years, black seed pumpkin is low-temperature tolerant and has good affinity with cucumbers. It is the most ideal rootstock for cucumber grafting.
1.2 Selection
Black-skinned pumpkin seeds must be selected from mature, full-grown seeds of darker color. Since cucumber grafting mainly utilizes the characteristics of rootstocks that can resist soil-borne diseases, other diseases still rely on the resistance of cucumber varieties themselves, and the characteristics of grafted cucumbers are all of cucumber itself. Therefore, cucumber seeds must be selected for better compatibility. Variety.
1.3 Seed treatment
Staining for 2 - 3 days before sowing can eliminate bacteria and make buds neat. Seed disinfection: 1 high temperature disinfection. The seeds are placed in 90-95 °C water for 5-7 seconds, which can kill or inactivate pathogens or viruses. 2 Wen Tang disinfection. The seeds were placed in 50-55°C saline solution, kept stirring for 15 minutes, and then soaked in warm water of 25-50°C for 4-6 hours. 3 potassium permanganate disinfection. Soak it with 0.1%-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 hours and wash it with water. 4 sodium phosphate disinfection. The seeds were injected into a 0.1%-0.5% sodium phosphate solution to kill mosaic virus on the seed surface.
1.4 Preparation of Grafting Apparatus
1 bamboo salt. Prepare a 5-6 cm long bamboo stick. The hard green bamboo part was selected to be wedge-shaped at the point 0.5 cm from the tip of the bamboo stick. The top end of the bamboo head was 3 mm wide, which corresponds to the stem diameter of the cucumber. The top of the sign must be smooth and smooth to facilitate grafting. 2 blades. The razor blade can be divided into two, to half of it, the edge should be sharp; plastic clips, cotton thread or tape can be used for special grafting clips.
2. Grafting method
2.1 plug method
When using the plug-in method, we must first sow the black-skinned squash and then sow the cucumbers. The difference between the two is about 5 days. When the black-skin squash grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the cucumber can be grafted when it grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart. The specific operation is as follows: 1 d before grafting, the nutrition of the black-skinned squash is poured into water to increase the survival rate of grafting. Remove the top bud of the black-skinned squash, ie, the growing point, and use your right hand to pinch the bamboo stick. Hold the thumb and index finger of the left hand to pinch the hypocotyl of the black-skinned squash so that the top of the bamboo sticks closely to the inside of the base of the root of the anvil cotyledon to another. The cotyledons below the oblique insertion, the insertion depth is generally about 0.5 cm, can not pierce the surface to prevent the scion to produce adventitious roots; can not be worn into the hollow part of the rootstock stems do not reach the stem side of the stem on the other side, so as not to form a small Old seedlings. Then cut the scion of the cucumber, choose a robust cucumber seedling, pinch the two cotyledons of the cucumber with the left thumb and the ring finger, clamp the root of the cucumber between the index finger and the middle finger, straighten the hypocotyls of the cucumber, and turn the right thumb and index finger. Hold the blade, knife from 0.4 to 0.5 cm below the cotyledon of the cucumber, and cut 1 to the opposite side. The cut scion, the length of its cutting edge, the thickness of the scion should be consistent with the incision of the rootstock, knife edge to be smooth. The first knife can be cut longer, the second knife is generally controlled at about 0.5 cm, and the knife edge is cut into a wedge shape. After the scion is cut, the bamboo stick is pulled out from the rootstock, and the scion is gently pressed to make the scion and the rootstock fully agree. Leave no gaps. The scion cotyledon and the cotyledon of the rootstock become "cross-shaped", and the depth of the scion insertion is equal to the degree of scion cutting and the rootstock. The pressure from cutting to inserting the scion should be steady, quasi, and fast. Gradually grafted cucumber seedlings were placed in advance in a prefabricated arch shed. The ground in the shed must be watered first to increase the humidity on the ground to facilitate survival. Spray a few drops of water with a sprayer every few lines. The drops should not be too large. Do not spray at the interface. After being laid, cover tightly with plastic cloth, moisturize, keep warm, shading treatment.
2.2 connection method
Grafting by grafting, cucumbers should be sowed 5 days ahead of schedule. Cucumbers and squash are sown in the seedling plate. When the stem height is about 7 cm, the grafting is best. The specific approach is: firstly rooting seedlings and scionling seedlings from the seedbed, cutting off the squash with a sterilized blade or bamboo skewer. The growth point of the seedling was 0.5 to 1.0 cm below the cotyledon and the side parallel to the cotyledon direction was cut by a knife with a blade of 45 down to 2/5 to 1/2 the depth of the hypocotyls, and about 1 cm in length. Then take the scion, and cut one knife at a height of 1.5 cm below the cotyledon in the direction perpendicular to the cotyledon to reach 1â„2 to 2/3 of the hypocotyl. The length is equal to that of the rootstock, and the rootstock and the scion's incision are embedded. , gently squeeze the interface with your hand, do not loosen, prevent the interface from being misplaced, and then use a grafting clip to fix the interface, so that the cucumber cotyledons are higher than the pumpkin cotyledons into a "10" shape. After the harvest is completed, the seedlings are immediately planted in a nutrient bowl and placed in a pre-prepared arch shed. Care should be taken to gently grasp the grafting interface when planting. In order to avoid the adventitious roots from contact between the scion and the soil, the distance between the stem roots should be about 1 cm, and the interface should be 3–4 cm away from the nutrient soil. The rootstocks and the scions were rooted before the success. Immediately after grafting for 10 to 15 days, remove the dressing and cut the root of the scion with a blade. After cutting the root, cool the seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings.
3. Grafting seedling management
3.1 Temperature
Generally 3–5 days after grafting, 24-26°C during the day, no more than 27°C; 18–20°C at night, no less than 15°C. 3 - 5 days after the beginning of ventilation and gradually reduce the temperature. During the day can be reduced to 22 - 24 °C. 12 - 15 °C at night.
3.2 moisturizing
The relative humidity of the arch shed within 3 to 5 days after grafting is maintained between 85% and 90%, but the soil moisture in the soil should not be too high to avoid rotten seedlings.
3.3 shading
Cover small sheds with thin straw or shade nets, adjust the temperature and humidity appropriately according to the weather conditions. When the temperature is low, uncover the grasshoppers and receive the weak light scattering. Shading before and after noon, after gradually increase the time to see light, no longer shading after 1 week.
3.4 Ventilation
After grafting for 3 to 5 days, when the grafted seedlings begin to grow, ventilation can be started and the ventilation should be small. Afterwards, the grafts gradually increase and gradually extend. Generally, they are ventilated for 9 to 10 days. After the ventilation, pay attention to the observation of the seedlings, and when the wilting is found, promptly fill the shade with water.
3.5 Shear the hypocotyls of the scion
The adventitious seedlings cut off the hypocotyls of cucumbers at 10-12 days. The method is to cut 1 knife at 1 cm below the interface, and then cut 1 knife near the ground. The purpose of cutting 2 cutters is to prevent the hypocotyls from healing again.
3.6 Removal of new branches and leaves of rootstock (black-skinned squash)
The new rootstock of the rootstock affects the normal growth of the cucumber and should be removed promptly. In addition, to check if the cucumber grows adventitious roots, if it should be promptly removed.
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