How do the advantages and disadvantages of chemical fertilizers be treated? The reduction of fertilizers is imperative for blind fertilization.
China is already the world's largest producer of fertilizers. Although the area of ​​cultivated land is less than 10% of the world's total, China's chemical fertilizer application is close to 1/3 of the world's total, and its use ranks fourth in the world. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has caused great harm to agricultural production, human health and the natural environment. According to a sample survey, 80% of farmers in China are accustomed to fertilizing with traditional experience. They do not consider the characteristics of various fertilizers, blindly adopting simple fertilization methods such as “water-flooding†and “one shellingâ€. One third of the country's farmers have over-fertilized crops, which has led to an increase in farmers' investment in land. Although grain production has increased, the phenomenon of increasing production without increasing income has become more and more serious.
Due to the large application of single-element fertilizers in farmland, their nutrients cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops. Some chemical substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are easily consolidated by soil, causing various salts to accumulate in the soil, causing soil nutrient imbalance. The harmful heavy metal content and harmful bacteria in some plots exceed the standard, resulting in deterioration of soil properties and internal parts of crops. Substance conversion and synthesis are hindered, and the quality of agricultural products is reduced. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers makes the growth characteristics of fruits and vegetables inferior, and is prone to decay and difficult to store.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
If you can't explain today's theme, please look down!
How to explain the eight soil problems?
The current soil problem is summarized in eight words: plate, sputum, poor, shallow, sour, salty, dirty, and miscellaneous.
The soil problem is: soil compaction, imbalance of mineral nutrient ratio, low organic matter content, shallow tillage layer, soil acidification, soil salinization, soil pollution, and heavy barriers.
Think about it, are there any soil problems in reality?
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Board: soil knot, the more the board
The soil “slab knot†means that the soil structure is destroyed, the tillage layer becomes hard, and the gas permeability is poor, which seriously affects the normal growth of the crop roots.
main reason
(1) The input of organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient.
The soil organic matter content is low and the structure is deteriorated, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thus affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.
(2) Long-term over-application of large fertilizers.
Long-term excessive application of large chemical fertilizers destroys the soil structure, and soil organic matter cannot be replenished in time, causing soil compaction and cracking.
(3) Farming measures such as tillage and watering lead to the destruction of the aggregate structure of the upper soil.
Major hazard
(1) Decreased root capacity. In the case of soil compaction, the lack of oxygen leads to a decrease in root activity, which is not normal development, and the breathing is weakened, which affects the absorption of nutrients.
(2) causes deficiency.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
馋: The imbalance of mineral nutrition is more and more
For crop growth, 16 essential nutrients are needed. In daily management, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are emphasized, and medium and trace element fertilizers are neglected, resulting in depletion of trace elements in the soil and enrichment of a large number of elements.
main performance
More and more fertilizers are being invested, and the output and quality of fruits and vegetables have not only improved, but have shown a downward trend.
Major hazard
(1) Physiological deficiency syndrome. Such as calcium, magnesium, iron and so on.
(2) The crop growth potential and the quality of agricultural products are reduced.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Poor: low organic matter content, poorer species
The organic matter of soil is an important part of soil structure and an important indicator of soil fertility.
main problem:
At present, the number of crops is increased, and the fertilizer is applied excessively, and the application of organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient or the method of use is unreasonable.
Main hazards:
Soil organic matter loss is serious, soil aggregate structure is destroyed, soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity, permeability and cushioning performance are reduced, which seriously affects crop yield and economic benefits of seed shed.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Shallow: the tillage layer becomes shallower, the shallower the species
Due to the long-term use of rotary tiller farming, most of the soil layer is shallow, and the effective living layer is only 15-20 cm.
The formation of the “plow bottom layer†hinders the circulation of soil moisture, nutrients and air, hinders the extension of the crop roots, the soil water storage capacity is getting worse and worse, and the drought resistance is declining.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Acid: soil acidification, the more the more sour
The pH of normal neutral soil is about 7 or so.
main reason
(1) Precipitation or watering is large and concentrated.
(2) Long-term application of chemical fertilizers is an important cause of soil acidification, because most fertilizers are currently acidic fertilizers.
Major hazard
(1) Change the soil microbial environment.
The quantity and type of microorganisms in the soil are dynamically changed, and the number and proportion of microbial populations are closely related to the soil environment. When the soil is acidified, the number of harmful microbial populations in the soil will increase, and the number of beneficial microbial populations will be greatly reduced, thereby increasing the incidence of root diseases.
(2) The soil structure is destroyed.
When the microbial environment in the soil is destroyed, the agglomerate structure of the soil is correspondingly destroyed.
(3) The soil nutrient utilization rate is reduced.
Soil nutrients generally have the highest absorption rate in neutral or acidic soils. When the pH is significantly increased or decreased, the soil nutrient absorption rate will decrease.
(4) Root knot nematodes.
Root-knot nematodes like acidic soil environment. When the soil becomes sour, the number of root-knot nematodes will increase, causing root-knot nematode disease.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Salty: soil salinization, the more salty
Simply put, there is too much salt in the soil. Just like when people eat more salt, people will feel uncomfortable to eat, plants are the same, if the soil surface salt is too much, it also affects the normal growth of plants.
It’s more realistic, green cream, red cream, hoarfrost, have you seen these phenomena? This is the intuitive expression of soil salinization.
main reason
(1) The facility environment is closed.
Under the cultivation of the facility, the demand for soil moisture in the crop is large, and the salt in the deep layer of the soil will migrate up to the surface layer as the water evaporates.
(2) Fertilization is unreasonable.
Excessive use of large fertilizers and the use of unfermented fermented manure are the main reasons.
(3) The farming method is unreasonable.
The tillage layer becomes shallower, the plow layer is formed, and the salt is easy to accumulate in the tillage layer and it is difficult to infiltrate, so that the surface salt of the soil is increased year by year.
Major hazard
(1) Physiological toxicity of salt segregants.
A certain salt is excessive, causing crop poisoning.
(2) causing physiological drought in crops.
Just like salted pickles, crop water requirements are difficult to meet.
(3) Affecting the absorption of nutrients by crops.
The soil has too much salt and the root physiological function is seriously impaired, which seriously affects nutrient absorption.
(4) Soil function declines. When the salt content in the soil is too high, the activity of soil microorganisms is inhibited and the soil function is affected.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Dirty: soil pollution, the more dirty
Always ignored, never valued!
The main types of soil pollution include heavy metal pollution and organic pollution.
main reason
Residues of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural film, organic fertilizers that have not been fermented and decomposed, and continuous cropping and pests and diseases, these pollutants remain in the soil for a long time, and once they exceed the soil's own purification capacity, it will cause soil pollution.
Major hazard
The soil ecological balance will be destroyed, the soil beneficial microorganisms will die in large numbers, the soil physical and chemical, biological characteristics will deteriorate, soil activity will decrease, and soil function will deteriorate.
How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer? Give you a perfect explanation!
Miscellaneous: heavy obstacles, more and more miscellaneous
a typical phenomenon
The root disease of the new shed crops is less likely to occur, and the old shed is not only seriously ill, but also has poor yield and quality.
main reason
The soil bio-property of the new shed is better, and the harmful bacteria (bacteria) and beneficial bacteria are in a balanced state. When we continue to plant and continuously apply chemical fertilizers, the microbial flora in the soil begins to slowly adjust, that is, the more the number of harmful bacteria (bacteria) accumulates, the less the number of beneficial bacteria is.
So, is the fertilizer wrong? Fertilizer is right! The wrong thing is to use excessive use blindly!
Too many questions worth summarizing
Fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers all have the drawbacks of excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, our country is now vigorously promoting the reduction of chemical fertilizers, calling for the protection of the quality of cultivated land and increasing the amount of organic fertilizer!
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