How to reduce losses caused by crop weather, such as heavy rain and hail
For natural disasters such as thunderstorms and hail, there is currently no good way to prevent it. Although we can't stop the occurrence of thunderstorms and hail, we can actively learn the farmland management measures after thunderstorms and hail, so that our own crops can recover from disasters as soon as possible and reduce losses.
Corn is drained in time to prevent production cuts
Sudden storms and rains may cause corn roots to fall, and serious blocks of corn are tiled and accompanied by water accumulation. If not drained in time and self-rescue production, corn production will be reduced and harvested after autumn. In order to recover losses, agricultural experts advise farmers to respond in a timely manner:
First, for the flooded fields after the rain, it is necessary to remove the accumulated water in time to prevent the hot water from burning for a long time, causing the corn to die. Second, for corn with lower plants and heavier lodgings, it can be artificially supported, cultivated and steadily promoted to restore growth. Third, for plots with higher plants, pollinated and more stems, do not support the seedlings, prevent the roots from being broken, and cause the plants to die.
Fruit trees clear the park in time, strengthen management
1. Clean up the orchard and reduce the pathogen
First, timely clean up the hail, fallen leaves and fruit falling in the orchard; for the orchard with silt and water after the disaster, the water should be drained in time to remove the mud and expose the dried fruit branches;
The second is the severely damaged orchard on the broken branches and broken leaves. The leaves are completely removed from the ground, the fruit is dropped, and the pits are deeply buried. The fruitless fruits are removed, and the fruits of some small pits are preserved to reduce the loss of the year.
2, timely spraying, prevent disease
Spraying fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, bactericidal, bactericidal, bactericidal, carbendazim, etc. every 10~15 days, even spraying 2~3 times to prevent the invasion of bacteria.
3, loose soil, roots and trees
After thunderstorms and hail weather, the soil should be tumbling continuously for 2~3 times to dissipate excess water in the soil, improve soil permeability, and restore the physiological activities of the roots, so as to achieve the purpose of rooting and strengthening trees.
4, topdressing and nourishing, restoring vitality
The first is foliar spray fertilizer to solve the problem of insufficient nutrient in the tree; the second is to apply balanced NPK compound fertilizer in the underground, 0.5~1 kg per plant. After the fruit trees are restored to life, the fertilization is mainly based on farmyard manure, and is applied with appropriate fertilizer. In the case of drought, combined with fertilization for irrigation.
5, apply medicine, protect the wound
After the main layer of the fruit tree, the main branch and some of the larger side branches are injured by the hail, the smashed rotten skin should be cut off in time, and the agent such as rot and medicinal agents should be applied to promote wound healing. For wounds with an area of ​​more than 1 cm 2 , While applying the medicine, it is also wrapped in a plastic bag to accelerate the healing of the wound.
6, pruning branches, reasonable retention
Pruning branches: After the disaster, the broken branches should be cut off in time. For the branches with high density, broken tare and unrecoverable branches, it should be cut off from the base or intact, and more stubborn branches or branches should be left to avoid large damage. Wounds; after trimming, the mouth should be sealed to prevent dry rot.
Reasonable retention: Due to the more wounds in the tree, the leaf buds under the wound will germinate rapidly. The newly sprouted branches should be properly preserved according to the shape of the tree to fill the gaps of the branches, and other sprouts that disturb the tree shape and the roots of the tree. All strips are stripped.
Scientific winter shears: Winter shears should be as early as possible to reduce evaporation and nutrient consumption. If you can't recognize the life and death of the branches, you can delay the trimming in the spring of the next year to avoid accidental cutting. The pruning should be light and leave more branches.
7, manage flowers and fruits, improve quality
After the disaster, timely remove the severely damaged fruit, so as to save nutrients and restore the tree as soon as possible. Other late fruit trees make up the bag. The causal tree leaf is interrupted and broken, and some fruit bagging is broken. The fruit is directly exposed under the scorching sun, which is prone to sunburn. It should be supplemented with bags to improve fruit quality and reduce losses.
8. Strengthen prevention and control and restore the tree
Fruit trees are weak after the disaster, and their disease resistance is reduced. Pay special attention to spray protection. First, it is necessary to spray the orchard with bactericides such as thiophanate-methyl for 2~3 times in a timely manner; secondly, spray 5~7 wave of sulphur sulphur mixture before germination to the next year, and at the same time do the pests of different periods. Predict prevention efforts to ensure that the tree is as resilient as possible.
Vegetable shading cooling, protection before rain
Strong light, high temperature and sudden rainfall are the biggest problems faced by vegetable farmers.
First, cover the light and lower the temperature.
Nowadays, many vegetable farmers use sunshade nets, spray cooling agents, and mud on the shed film to reduce the transparency of the shed film and reduce the light in the shed, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the temperature of the shed. Although there is no cost investment in splashing mud, the shading is uneven and easy to be washed by rain.
Although the shading effect of the sunshade net is good, it is more troublesome to use and needs to be covered regularly every day. It is not easy to clean the cooling agent, it is best to use it on the old film. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable shading method under strong light.
At the same time, through appropriate pruning, maintaining a reasonable number of leaves, promote the robust growth of the plant, and avoid direct sunlight on the fruit to cause sunburn. At noon, the temperature in the shed is generally higher, and the evaporation of the leaves is also increased, which tends to cause the leaves of the vegetables to curl up.
In order to avoid high temperature obstacles in the vegetables in the shed, it is necessary to open all the upper and lower vents of the shed to allow the cold air outside the shed to convect with the hot air in the shed to accelerate the discharge of hot air. It is also possible to reduce the temperature of the shed by installing a micro-sprinkler spray in the shed. This can also increase the humidity of the air in the shed, prevent the stigma of the vegetable style from drying, promote pollination, and prevent falling flowers and fruits.
Secondly, the protection before rain can not be less.
First, we must dig the drainage ditch in advance to prevent rainwater from instilling. You can dig a drainage ditch that is the same length as the greenhouse in front of the shed. It is about half a meter wide and 30 cm deep, so that the water flowing down the shed can flow away at any time.
The second is to cover the film or non-woven fabric to avoid the back wall and east and west gables being soaked by rain. The shed is covered with a film or a non-woven fabric, and the rainwater can flow down, without immersing the shed, and also preventing wind. Since the film ages quickly and is easily scratched, it is necessary to check the film covered by the back wall at any time before heavy rain to ensure no water leakage.
Finally, strengthen disease prevention and control.
High temperature and high humidity are likely to cause downy mildew, epidemic diseases, powdery mildew, anthracnose and other diseases, and timely use of chemical control. For example, downy mildew can be sprayed with 72.5% frostbite water-repellent 800 times solution, 25% toxic mycelium wettable powder 600 times liquid, etc.; 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, 50% frosted urea cyanide Wet powder 1500 times solution, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times solution, etc.; anthracnose can be sprayed with 50% prochloraz WP 1500 times solution and 25% azoxystrobin suspension 2000 times solution.
Immediate drainage of rice “Dingding†field
Continuous heavy rain can make water accumulate in rice fields, and it is easy to form cockroaches. Prevention must be done in advance to dredge the ditch and prevent damage.
Once flooded, drain it in time, pay attention to the edge of the water to rinse the leaves, wash off the mud attached to the rice, in order to facilitate the photosynthesis of the leaves. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases such as bacterial blight and rice blast. It can be used to control bacterial blight with 20% leaf cumin wettable powder 600~800 times solution and 20% thiabend copper suspension agent 600~800 times solution. For rice blast, 75% tricycloazole wettable powder 1500~2000 can be used. Double liquid, 40% rice bran emulsifiable concentrate 800~1000 times liquid for prevention and treatment.
Wheat grabs and robs, sorts and sells
The unharvested wheat fell, the harvested wheat was not returned to the warehouse but was soaked in rain. The rain caused serious damage to the wheat in the north-central part of Henan Province.
In rainy weather, it is necessary to clear the scattered ditch in the field in time to ensure that the precipitation can be discharged straight and not in the field.
To catch the short-term sunny weather and grab the sun, conditional growers can use the machine to dry, to minimize losses.
The quality of the wheat in the field affected by the lodging will definitely be different from the quality of the wheat in the unreacted field. The majority of farmers should adopt the method of classified harvesting and batch sorting, and harvest and sell the normal growing mature wheat separately according to the quality standard. Prevent economic losses caused by lowering or not reaching the standard after a good blending.
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