Fruit tree growth regulator formulations worth learning
One, cuttings rooting
Indole Acetic Acid, Indole Butyric Acid
Fast immersion method:
Prepare l000mg/L high-concentration solution and put it in the bottom basin. The depth of the liquid is 3~100px. Then put a small bundle of cuttings upright in the container. After immersing for 5 seconds, it can be removed and dried to insert into the seedbed. . This method is easy to operate, less equipment, the same solution can be reused, the amount of medication is small, fast.
Slow immersion method:
The indole acetic acid was formulated into a solution having a concentration of 25 mg/L (easily rooted) to 200 mg/L (easily rooted), and then the insert base was immersed in the liquid for 8 to 12 hours and the cuttings were removed. This method has a long dipping time, and a large number of containers need a large number of plugs, and the amount of medicine is large.
Dian powder method: take lg acetic acid, with the appropriate amount of 95% alcohol or 60 degrees shochu solubilized, and then fully stick with 1000g talcum powder, alcohol volatile 1000mg/L indole acetic acid powder. In the cutting process, the base of the cutting insert is first wetted with water, and then in the prepared indole acetic acid powder, the excess powder is shaken off and inserted into the seedbed.
Naphthlene-selected, good-looking, robust-growing, bud-filled, disease-free annual sticks will be immersed in naphthalene acetic acid 50-100 mg/L for 8-12 hours at the base of the cuttings, 2 to 75 px, and immersed in moisture after removal. Promoting roots in the sand can promote rooting and inhibit the early germination of cuttings, thereby shortening the time difference between cutting and sprouting and improving the survival rate of cuttings.
Note that naphthalene acetic acid can be used in combination with indole acetic acid to increase the root-building effect.
ABT rooting powder used 50mg/L concentration of liquid soak 4 ~ 8h, can promote rooting.
Second, inhibit the growth of new shoots
Butyrate
The use of butyryl hydrazide can shorten the growth of the grapes, the color of the leaves is deepened, the leaves are small and thick, and the chlorophyll increases. Butyrylhydrazone control of grape shoot growth is not as strong as chlormeine, and at the same time, the production of shoot-inhibitory effect is slower.
According to the test, the effect of 200 mg/L butyric hydrazine on grape rosin is better, and that on grapes such as Kyoho and Kang can be increased to 2000 to 3000 mg/L. The time for spraying butyryl hydrazide was 7-10 days earlier than that of chlormeson, and the spraying concentration was 2000-3000 mg/L. The spraying concentration was determined according to grape varieties.
Note: When using butyryl hydrazide, local varieties should be tested and then promoted; Kyoho should be treated with butyrohydrazide 4000mg/L without phytotoxicity. When the grape shoots grow 6 to 7 leaves, spraying 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L butyryl hydrazide one time can inhibit the growth of new shoots and increase the yield. Can also be mixed with gibberellin to increase the proportion of non-nuclear fruit, increase fruit hardness, reduce the rate of damage during transport.
Phosphine regulation
When the berry ripened one month before, spraying with 500-1000 mg/kg of whole plant could increase the sugar content of the fruit and control the growth of the shoot. Phosphorous regulation of physiological effects with the increase of the application of significant increase, but the maximum concentration should not exceed 1500 mg / kg, to prevent the occurrence of phytotoxicity.
Chromium
At the early stage of the new shoot, before the flowering of the grapes, spraying with 100-500 mg/L of the liquid has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of grape shoots. Generally, the amount of growth can be reduced by 1/3 to 2/3 as compared with the control, and the shoots grow. Also have some control. For rosmarin, small white rose, Riesling and other species can be used for spraying chlormeson 100 ~ 400mg / L, the requirements for the Kyoho grape with 500 ~ 800mg / L spray.
Note that the grape is sprayed with CSC and the effect is enhanced with the increase of the concentration. However, when the concentration is higher than 1000 mg/L, the edges of the leaves will turn green and yellow; when the concentration exceeds 3000 mg/L, the long-term damage is not easy to recover. Therefore, the spraying of chlorella on the grape must control the spraying concentration; the control effect of chlormequat on the vines is inconsistent. Therefore, according to the local species and natural conditions, the chlorella can be used when the concentration is appropriate. .
Paclobutrazol
Local application:
Kyoho pre-emergence grape per application 15% paclobutrazol 6 ~ 10g (0.9 ~ 1.5g pure product), after application of soil, make the drug evenly distributed in the 375px deep soil layer. The length of the internodes was not inhibited in the 1st to the 4th quarters after the application, and it was significantly shorter between the 4th and the following festivals. The annual shoot length was 60% for the control, 60% for the control, 60% for the control, 60% for the 8g, and 52% for the 10g.
Foliar spraying:
After 1 week of flowering, paclobutrazol was sprayed 1 times. The effective dose was 1000-2000 mg/L. The annual shoot growth was only about 60-2000 px, which was about 60% of the control. And in the second year, the formation of spikes was 1.6-1.78 times that of the control. Foliar spray should be in the early stage of the growth of grape shoots (usually in the late flowering stage), and the inhibition of shoot growth is not obvious too late.
Third, improve the fruit setting rate, save the fruit
Amino ester
The initial flowering period is sprayed with 10-15mg/L liquid for 1 or 2 times to increase the fruit setting rate.
PCPA 50mg/L concentration of PCPA was treated once in the flowering period and young fruit period of citrus, and had significant fruit protection effect.
Anti-dropping agent
After the first flowering stage and after flowering of Kyoho grape, spraying 15 mg/L of rhodorin twice, respectively, has significant effect on yield increase and can improve fruit quality; 10 mg/L concentration of rhodorin has the best effect on Muscat grape The fruit setting rate increased by 13.4%, the yield per plant increased by 21.49%, the ear coloring index was 86.3%, the ear's uniformity was 92.56%, and the sugar-acid ratio was 16.7. If mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray, the effect will be more impressive.
Brassinolide
On the 6th day after flowering, the grape can be soaked with 0.01mg/L concentration of brassinolide-481 solution to increase the fruit setting rate.
Cytokinin
In the early flowers to flowering stage, greenhouse cultivation using the concentration of 5mg / L ~ 10mg / L, open cultivation with a concentration of 2mg / L ~ 5mg / L dip spike treatment, can prevent flowering, gibberellin production process as usual.
Harvester
Spraying 5,000-fold fervidin for 1 week before and after flowering, the fruit setting rate increased by 78.97%. If the use of 6000 fertilization prime times another adding 0.2% borax, can increase the rate of 80.9% fruit set, with 4000 times the liquid harvester added another 0.3% borax, can increase 84.69%.
Chromium
Sprinkle 500mg/L of chlormequat at a shoot length of 15～1000px, can promote the differentiation of winter buds on the main vines; spray 300mg/L concentration of chlormeine for 2 weeks before flowering, or spray 1000 in the rapid growth period of the shoots. ~2000mg/L of chlormequat can promote differentiation of buds on the shoots into flower buds.
However, the use of chlormethaine in grapes often leads to short inflorescence axis, tight ear, and squeezed fruit particles, affecting the ventilation and light transmission, and is prone to illness. If a low concentration of gibberellin is used in combination, the inflorescence axis can be properly elongated.
Fourth, improve stress resistance and enhance plant growth
Love overtake (1.8% sodium nitrophenolate)
After the emergence of new shoots 5000 ~ 6000 times the liquid, from the flowering before the 20d to spray a total of 2 to 3 times before flowering, the results after the spray 1 or 2 times. Can promote the results and fruit hypertrophy, continuous use can effectively enhance and restore tree vigor, inhibit depression, have a good effect on product quality and taste.
Amino ester
During the fruit enlargement period, spraying 10 to 15 mg/L liquid for 1 to 2 times, the fruits grow fast, the size is uniform, the sugar content increases, and the stress resistance increases.
Fifth, expanding fruit, improve quality, increase production
Gibberellin
Increased growth hormone with gibberellin in the post-anthesis treatment of fruit granulocytes, promotes cell lengthening and enlargement, mobilizes organic nutrients to transport and accumulates fruit, and rapidly increases the content of pulp cells, thus increasing fruit size. ~ 2 times, which significantly increased the value of the goods. red
Although the use of singycin alone has the effect of increasing the fruit size, it also has the negative effect of making the stem become brittle and easy to drop. In the use, BA (6-carboxylhydrazine) and streptomycin can be added to prevent it. Different types and methods of use will need to be determined experimentally. When gibberellins are used to increase fruit size, they must be combined with good agricultural techniques to achieve the desired results.
Triacontanol
Xinjiang Nong 8th Division 152 Farm used 0.5mg/L methane trihydrate plus 150g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, after the grapes were sprayed, the yield per mu was 613kg, and the yield increased by 101%.
Butyrate
15-30 days before harvest, with 1000mg/L ~ 2000mg/L foliar spray, can increase fruit hardness. After harvesting, soaking the fruit with 1000mg/L ~ 2000mg/L liquid can prolong the storage period.
Steady and rich
(Main component: gibberellin + BA) Mung bean size of young seedless white chicks is about 30-50mg with a solid rich ointment, and is applied at the base 50px of the ear, and the enlarged fruit can increase production by about 30%.
Diclocamine
It can increase the absorption of calcium ions, prevent fruit stem blanching disease, and can reduce, reduce, increase the amount of pulp and improve fruit quality.
Cytokinin + Gibberellin
Kyoho grape after lOd, 20d after flowering, the ear was sprayed with cytokinin and gibberellin, and the big fruit was mixed once. It can make the non-nuclear fruit grow to the same size as the stone fruit, and the fruit can increase up to 50%.
Helper
In the flowering period of grape or young fruit mu, with 500 ~ 800mg / L liquid spray, can promote the formation and differentiation of flower buds, increase fruit set rate, increase sugar content and vitamin C content, large and neat fruit, mature earlier 3 ~ 4d, increase production, improve quality.
Abscisic acid (ABA)
When the fruits begin to ripen, spraying with 100-200 mg/L abscisic acid can promote the coloring and maturation of the red varieties of Hongmi, Pioneer and Jingchuan, and also improve the sweetness of the fruits.
KT-30 nucleated cultivars: soaking the ear for 5 to 10 seconds at 10 to 15 days after anthesis with 20 milligrams/Kg of chlorpyrifos to promote cell division, prevent fruit from falling, and effectively promote grape fruit The increase. Non-nucleated species: The effect of mixing with gibberellin was better, ie 15 mg/kg KT-30 and 100 mg/kg gibberellin were evenly mixed, and the grapes were soaked once at the end of Xiehua and 15 d after flowering. It can promote cell division, prevent flowering and fruit drop, and it can effectively promote the increase of grapes. It should be noted that the use of KT-30 concentration can not exceed 20 milligrams per kilogram, and the fruit management time can not be too early, otherwise it is easy to form small particles.
Note: KT-30 is to be used with the device, and the efficacy will be significantly reduced after 1d. KT-30 is very effective in promoting fruit development and increasing fruit. It has certain practical value and can be used as a fruit development accelerant. The best results can only be obtained under conditions of strong tree vigor and sufficient fertilizer. There is a certain suitable range for the application concentration and period, and it is best to use low concentration and late period. When dipping fruit, smearing, and spraying, it must be evenly and thoughtfully, otherwise it is easy to produce deformed fruit and reduce the value of the commodity. In the promotion of fruit enlargement, the swelling rate should be controlled at about 20%, combined with appropriate fruit thinning.
Sixth, early maturation
Ethephon
The fruit ripening agent is a commonly used drug for early coloring, and varies in concentration and time depending on the species. Generally, it is applied at the initial stage of berry ripening from 100 to 500 mg/L, and the colored variety is used when 5% to 15% of the fruit begins to be colored. , can mature in advance 5 ~ 12d. Tests showed that at the beginning of fruit ripening, the Kyoho cultivar was sprayed with 250-300 mg/L ethephon to induce early maturation for 6-8 days. However, the use of ethephon results in separation of the particles and stalks resulting in shredding. Therefore, we must master the concentration, spraying in stages, harvesting in stages, and selling in stages to prevent loss.
The optimum concentration of ripening for different grape varieties is different, and the production must be tested to determine the optimal concentration and method of treatment.
Gibberellin
Impregnating with a low concentration of gibberellic acid can significantly improve the ripening period of grape berry, and the ear can be listed on the market nearly one month in advance by gibberellin, and its economic benefit is bound to increase greatly.
Seven, delayed maturity
ATOA (2-Decazolylthioloxyacetic acid) Spray the fruit carefully with 10 to 100 mg/L of liquid from the growing stage to the stage of ripening of the young fruit. This can delay the ripening of the grapes and delay cultivation to extend Grape supply period. The higher the concentration, the more effective the delay of maturation, but it must be noted that the grape leaves are more sensitive to this drug, generally more than 200mg/L can form a phytotoxicity, use must be careful not to spray liquid on the leaves.
Eight, fruit denuclearization
Gibberellin
The method of impregnating large plastic cups one by one is commonly used. The concentration of rose dew before treatment is 100 mg/L before flowering, and about 0.5 mL per spike. Post-anthelium treatment increased the use of spikes by approximately 1.5 mL per ear. The pre-flower treatment uses an artificial flower spike dipping method, and after the flowering, a hand sprayer is used to align the shower head with a shower spray. You should choose to avoid the time when the temperature is higher than 30 degrees before 12 o'clock on the sunny day or after 3 o'clock in the morning. Relative humidity is about 80%, and can maintain 2d. The weather is dry, it is easy to cause harm to medicines, and the effect of rainy days is not good. Avoid this weather during field operations. If it rains after 8h, it will no longer be processed, and if the rainfall is heavy, it will be carried out again. In the Turpan area of ​​Xinjiang, the second and third branching inflorescences on the seedless white grapes are very severe. After the use of gibberellic acid, the yield of fresh grapes can be increased by 74% and the raisins can also be increased by 50.3%. Roselle grape contains more seeds. After the use of gibberellin, gibberellin makes the developmental speed of grape pollen and embryo sac inconsistent, thus forming seedless fruit.
According to experiments, the use of gibberellin rose grape can make the seedless rate of about 95%. The use of gibberellin is suitable for seedless white and rose grape varieties. Usually, the gibberellin lOOmg/L liquid is soaked in about 14 days before full bloom, and is shaken by a little vibration to make it full of medicine, so that the pollen loses its germination power, but easy Make the fruit smaller. Therefore, about 9 days after flowering, dipping the ear again with gibberellin 100 mg/L. In a large area of ​​grape production area, the gibberellin can be sprayed at about 12 days from the start of blooming to 100-200 mg/L. Note that spraying on the inflorescence can not be sprayed on the leaves. Note that the use of gibberellin to protect the nectar only suits some grape varieties. Kyoho grape can not play this role. Instead, it will form small fruits and green fruits, affecting the value of food. Therefore, whether or not other grape varieties can adapt to the need to be carried out on an experimental basis. The gibberellin variety of other European seedless varieties and seeds susceptible to abortion and shattering also has the effect of increasing seedless fruit and fruit set, but with low gibberellin concentration (
2,4-D
Spraying flower clusters with 10 mg/L solution can make ovary undifferentiated and form seedless fruit, which can increase grape yield.
Gibberellin+streptomycin
After Kyoho inflorescence was treated with gibberellin 100mg/L+streptomycin 400mg/L, the seedless rate reached 95%, and it could promote fruit ripening and increase soluble solids content. Although the black Olin variety has a nuclear-free rate of 98% after processing, the small fruit size increases and the ear weight is significantly lower, so it is not used.
P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (PCPA)
Treatment of grape with PCPA 15 mg/L and gibberellic acid 20 mg/L 5 days before flowering, and then treated with gibberellin 15 mg/L 10 days after flowering, can induce the formation of seedless grapes, seedless rate up to 100%. The average grain weight of seedless fruits was 6.97-9.08g, and the fruit exfoliation rate was only 8.7%. It could also make the mature period 10-15 days earlier.
Gibberellin + p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
Induced Kyoho fruit nucleation without the use of gibberellin or chlorophenoxyacetic acid treatment alone is not ideal, the non-nuclear rate of less than 90%, and the serious harm of the drug, while the use of gibberellin 10 ~ 15mg / L The liquid was added with 15 mg/L chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and the pattern was immersed for 5 days before flowering. The seedless rate was as high as 97.1% to 99%. The injury was reduced, the fruit was stable, and the flesh developed well. After 10 to 14 days after flowering, the fruit was treated with gibberellin 25 mg/L once. The fruit size increased significantly. The mature period was 10 to 15 days earlier and the economic benefit was obvious.
Note: It should be used strictly in accordance with the specified concentration, otherwise it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. When the drug is dispensed with a small amount of hot water, the powder is fully dissolved, and then the full amount of water is added according to the use concentration. This drug cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers and pesticides.
Gibberellin + Antibiotics
Kyoho grape blooming with 200mg/L kanamycin + 200mg/L streptomycin + (50 ~ 150) mg / L gibberellic acid, non-nuclear rate of 100%, the second and third commonly used fruit enlargement agent .
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