2015 “AIDS Breakthrough Progress†TOP20
2023-03-22 07:08:57
[China Pharmaceutical Network Technology News] We often see the promotion of AIDS prevention on the street, all of which remind us of its universality and harm. At the same time, AIDS is still one of the major public health challenges in the world. 
Since the first discovery of AIDS cases in 1981, it has been estimated that 60 million people have been infected with HIV, of which 20 million have died. Nearly 40 million infected people, 75% concentrated in 15 countries, and China is among them.
According to Global Data, the market value of human immunodeficiency virus therapy will increase from $14 billion in 2013 to $15.3 billion in 2023. Last year, UNAIDS reported that humanity is expected to end the AIDS epidemic after 2015 and to end AIDS in 2030. To achieve this goal, the global scientific community has been insisting on research on AIDS. The following is a compilation of the 20 latest research progress in 2015:
1.Immunity: famous structural biologists publish important results of HIV vaccine
On December 15th, in a study published in Immunity, a research team led by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) tracked a family of anti-HIV antibodies (PGT121 family), how to follow Developed over time. Studies have shown that in the future we may develop a vaccine that triggers the immune system to produce these antibodies more efficiently.
Using high-resolution imaging techniques, the researchers mapped out the structure of these antibodies, at their "boot camp" selection point, combined with the HIV envelope glycoprotein. This new study also shows a very complete three-dimensional image of the HIV envelope protein. This detailed HIV trimer structure will help researchers design HIV vaccines.
2.Nature Communications: Double-antibodies recognize both HIV and T cells, and “combination punches†destroy the virus hiding place. On October 20th, an academic paper published online in the journal Nature Communications confirmed that the US National Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Researchers at the (NIAID) Vaccine Research Center have developed a novel artificial antibody that recognizes HIV and T cells simultaneously, exposing latent HIV to infected cells and activating T cells for elimination. Bispecific antibodies are expected to eliminate the pool of HIV viruses hidden in the body.
3.Nature: HIV is a complex virus. Although the research carried out over the past 30 years has helped us understand most of its biology, its infection process is still not clear. This includes the exact role of Nef (an HIV accessory protein) in the infection process. Without it, the weakened HIV virus loses most of its pathogenic capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the exact mechanism by which HIV is disrupted and which cell protein is responsible. Recently, researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland have solved this important defect in the HIV virus library by discovering the SERINC5 protein. The results of the study were published in the September 30 issue of Nature.
4.Cell: Another AIDS antibody that attacks HIV
Proteins that are referred to as broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are key to preventing HIV infection from AIDS-causing viruses. These antibodies protect healthy cells of patients by recognizing the envelope of all HIV strains, inhibiting or neutralizing the effects of HIV. In a study published in the journal Cell on September 10, researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) found that a particular bNAb recognizes this marker protein of HIV, even in HIV exhibits a different conformation during infection - making it easier to detect and neutralize the virus in infected patients.
5.Cell reports: Scientists have discovered a new way to kill most HIV T cell <br> <br> has been studied HIV Raiders invade the immune system believed the HIV virus circulating in the blood, looking, attacks the immune system of total Commander-CD4-T cells, the specific policy is: after a single HIV-infected T-cell, it will be used as a host cell, and will be mass-produced and expanded to expand the army, and will break the host cells by budding, killing them. It was re-introduced into the bloodstream and continued to capture the next battlefield, eventually causing the immune system to collapse. However, a September 8th article published in Cell Reports stated that most HIV virions often go from one CD4 cell directly to the next CD4 cell, destroying most CD4 cells. lead to uproar.
6.Cell Reports: Not HIV! What is the immune cell that causes AIDS?
On September 8, a study published in Cell Reports, scientists at the Gladstone Institute found that it is not the HIV virus that kills T cells that cause AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), but ourselves. Immune cells. The direct effect of the HIV virus on host immune cells is not so terrible. What is really fatal is the effect of infected cells on other cells.
7.PLoS Pathogens: a combination of two compounds that can be “activated first and then killed†HIV
In a study published in the PLoS Pathogens on July 30, a research team at the University of California, Davis Medical School found that the FDA-approved anticancer drug PICATO contains an active ingredient, PEP005, which activates potential HIV. It leaves the virus pool and kills the function of active HIV. This chemical component is a lead compound for the treatment of HIV. In addition, the researchers identified another novel compound, JQ1, a receptor activator that synergizes with PEP005 to activate HIV and increase the number of activated viruses.
8.Science Translational Medicine: The amazing relationship between HIV and NK cells
On July 22, a study published in Science Translational Medicine showed that human NK cell banks are associated with HIV infection risk. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a class of immune cells that are often overlooked. Stanford University immunologist Catherine Blish and his team studied human NK cells using CyTOF (mass cytometry) technology. They found that the more diverse the human NK cell bank, the more likely it is to become infected with HIV when exposed to a virus.
9.Science: New HIV Vaccine Therapy A new study led by the Israeli Beth Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), a new study published in the journal Science on July 2, shows a new type of HIV-1 vaccine therapy provides complete protection against half of the vaccinated non-human primates (NHPs) against six consecutive repeated attacks by the monkey immunodeficiency virus (SIV). SIV is an HIV-like virus that infects non-human primates.
10.Cell: Sentinel watching HIV
In a study published in the journal Cell on June 4, scientists at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Institute discovered a key protein that enhances the body's immune response to HIV vaccines, thereby blocking the spread of the virus. . Studies have shown that the protein PQBP1 (polyglutamine-binding protein 1) is the body's first-line sensor for HIV, which is critical for the initiation of an immune response. When PQBP1 encounters a virus, it can trigger a complete set of procedures to initiate an immune environment against infection and promote the production of specific antibodies. On this basis, PQBP1 can be used as a target for improving the efficacy of HIV vaccines.
11. PNAS: The Secret Mechanism of HIV Transmission June 1, published in a study published in the journal PNAS, virology at Emory University School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Atlanta Children's Health Center The family gave a key and detailed explanation of how HIV fits its infectious invisibility cloak.
HIV is spread between cells, and viral envelope proteins (Env) need to be incorporated into viral particles (when they emerge from infected cells). Under the leadership of Paul Spearman, the researchers found that a small portion of the "tail" of the envelope protein is required for its integration into viral particles.
12. PLOSPathogens amazing discovery: HIV also loves "sweet food"
On May 28, a study published in the journal PNAS published a new study from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University that found HIV cravings, which became an Achilles heel. .
13. PNAS: Leading snakes out of the hole to win HIV on May 19, published in a study published in the journal PNAS, researchers from the University of Montreal and other departments identified a new way to use a new way The "opener" drives the HIV virus to expose its sensitive "site", allowing the body's immune cells to kill the virus-infected cells. The study unveiled a new approach to combating HIV infection and provides new clues for developing new vaccines to suppress HIV transmission.
14.Nature: Scientists invent a new weapon against HIV - a widely neutralized antibody . In a study published in the journal Nature on April 8, scientists from Rockefeller University invented a new broad range of neutralizing antibodies. (3BNC117) can effectively reduce the level of HIV virus in the human body. This method is called passive immunity and is the injection of antibodies into human blood. Researchers have conducted a variety of tests in the human body, hoping that the method can help prevent, treat and even cure HIV.
15.Nature Communications: Using HIV technology to eradicate HIV
Imagine using a drug to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treating patients who have been infected with HIV, and even removing all latent virus copies from patients with advanced disease. It sounds like science fiction, and scientists from the Salk Institute of Biology have developed such a kind by customizing a powerful defense system used by many bacteria and training this scissor-like machine to identify the HIV virus. The drug is a step closer. The study was published in the March 10 issue of Nature Communications.
16.Nature: New long-lasting AIDS therapy
In a study published in Nature on February 18th, scientists created a new molecule that promises to control HIV without the need for daily antiretroviral drugs. This molecule repels a wider range of HIV strains than all known widely neutralized HIV antibodies, and it is more potent than some of the most potent antibodies. In addition, the molecule safely protected monkeys from an HIV-like virus during the 40-week study period.
17.NEJM: Kidney transplantation between AIDS patients February 12, published in a study in Nature, a new study from South Africa shows that HIV may not be between people living with HIV A barrier to kidney transplantation. This is good news for HIV-positive patients who are worried about kidney transplants in other HIV-infected people.
18.Science Translational Medicine: Mobile phone detection of AIDS, results in 15 minutes. February 4, published in the journal Science Translation Medicine (Science Translational Medicine), a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University Samuel K. The research team led by Sia invented a low-cost mobile phone accessory that, when used in conjunction with a mobile phone, can simultaneously detect markers of three infectious diseases, including HIV antibodies and Treponema pallidum-specific antibodies, by detecting blood samples from fingers. And non-specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum.
19.Cell: Let HIV escape
On January 29th, in a new study published in the journal Cell, researchers and collaborators led by Professor Michel C. Nussenzweig of Rockefeller University presented some new insights revealing which cells have It is possible and unlikely to hide the hidden HIV threat. [detailed]
20.Nature: establish destroy mutated HIV immune army <br> <br> the latent HIV virus leads to the hiding place, destroying its treatment last stubborn resistance is the ultimate goal of eradicating HIV, but recently made this Some attempts ended in failure. Now, the results of a new study led by Johns Hopkins University reveal the reasons behind it and propose new strategies that may lead to the development of a therapeutic vaccine to eradicate the stagnation of the body. The virus has drawn a blueprint.
These findings, published in the January 7 issue of Nature, show that viruses can make themselves difficult to identify through mutations, allowing them to avoid damage from the immune system even if they are seduce. This has hampered research efforts to eradicate HIV. The research team also succeeded in training the immune system to recognize, attack and suppress these mutant HIV viruses after they have left the dormant state.
Since the first discovery of AIDS cases in 1981, it has been estimated that 60 million people have been infected with HIV, of which 20 million have died. Nearly 40 million infected people, 75% concentrated in 15 countries, and China is among them.
According to Global Data, the market value of human immunodeficiency virus therapy will increase from $14 billion in 2013 to $15.3 billion in 2023. Last year, UNAIDS reported that humanity is expected to end the AIDS epidemic after 2015 and to end AIDS in 2030. To achieve this goal, the global scientific community has been insisting on research on AIDS. The following is a compilation of the 20 latest research progress in 2015:
1.Immunity: famous structural biologists publish important results of HIV vaccine
On December 15th, in a study published in Immunity, a research team led by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) tracked a family of anti-HIV antibodies (PGT121 family), how to follow Developed over time. Studies have shown that in the future we may develop a vaccine that triggers the immune system to produce these antibodies more efficiently.
Using high-resolution imaging techniques, the researchers mapped out the structure of these antibodies, at their "boot camp" selection point, combined with the HIV envelope glycoprotein. This new study also shows a very complete three-dimensional image of the HIV envelope protein. This detailed HIV trimer structure will help researchers design HIV vaccines.
2.Nature Communications: Double-antibodies recognize both HIV and T cells, and “combination punches†destroy the virus hiding place. On October 20th, an academic paper published online in the journal Nature Communications confirmed that the US National Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Researchers at the (NIAID) Vaccine Research Center have developed a novel artificial antibody that recognizes HIV and T cells simultaneously, exposing latent HIV to infected cells and activating T cells for elimination. Bispecific antibodies are expected to eliminate the pool of HIV viruses hidden in the body.
3.Nature: HIV is a complex virus. Although the research carried out over the past 30 years has helped us understand most of its biology, its infection process is still not clear. This includes the exact role of Nef (an HIV accessory protein) in the infection process. Without it, the weakened HIV virus loses most of its pathogenic capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the exact mechanism by which HIV is disrupted and which cell protein is responsible. Recently, researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland have solved this important defect in the HIV virus library by discovering the SERINC5 protein. The results of the study were published in the September 30 issue of Nature.
4.Cell: Another AIDS antibody that attacks HIV
Proteins that are referred to as broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are key to preventing HIV infection from AIDS-causing viruses. These antibodies protect healthy cells of patients by recognizing the envelope of all HIV strains, inhibiting or neutralizing the effects of HIV. In a study published in the journal Cell on September 10, researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) found that a particular bNAb recognizes this marker protein of HIV, even in HIV exhibits a different conformation during infection - making it easier to detect and neutralize the virus in infected patients.
5.Cell reports: Scientists have discovered a new way to kill most HIV T cell <br> <br> has been studied HIV Raiders invade the immune system believed the HIV virus circulating in the blood, looking, attacks the immune system of total Commander-CD4-T cells, the specific policy is: after a single HIV-infected T-cell, it will be used as a host cell, and will be mass-produced and expanded to expand the army, and will break the host cells by budding, killing them. It was re-introduced into the bloodstream and continued to capture the next battlefield, eventually causing the immune system to collapse. However, a September 8th article published in Cell Reports stated that most HIV virions often go from one CD4 cell directly to the next CD4 cell, destroying most CD4 cells. lead to uproar.
6.Cell Reports: Not HIV! What is the immune cell that causes AIDS?
On September 8, a study published in Cell Reports, scientists at the Gladstone Institute found that it is not the HIV virus that kills T cells that cause AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), but ourselves. Immune cells. The direct effect of the HIV virus on host immune cells is not so terrible. What is really fatal is the effect of infected cells on other cells.
7.PLoS Pathogens: a combination of two compounds that can be “activated first and then killed†HIV
In a study published in the PLoS Pathogens on July 30, a research team at the University of California, Davis Medical School found that the FDA-approved anticancer drug PICATO contains an active ingredient, PEP005, which activates potential HIV. It leaves the virus pool and kills the function of active HIV. This chemical component is a lead compound for the treatment of HIV. In addition, the researchers identified another novel compound, JQ1, a receptor activator that synergizes with PEP005 to activate HIV and increase the number of activated viruses.
8.Science Translational Medicine: The amazing relationship between HIV and NK cells
On July 22, a study published in Science Translational Medicine showed that human NK cell banks are associated with HIV infection risk. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a class of immune cells that are often overlooked. Stanford University immunologist Catherine Blish and his team studied human NK cells using CyTOF (mass cytometry) technology. They found that the more diverse the human NK cell bank, the more likely it is to become infected with HIV when exposed to a virus.
9.Science: New HIV Vaccine Therapy A new study led by the Israeli Beth Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), a new study published in the journal Science on July 2, shows a new type of HIV-1 vaccine therapy provides complete protection against half of the vaccinated non-human primates (NHPs) against six consecutive repeated attacks by the monkey immunodeficiency virus (SIV). SIV is an HIV-like virus that infects non-human primates.
10.Cell: Sentinel watching HIV
In a study published in the journal Cell on June 4, scientists at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Institute discovered a key protein that enhances the body's immune response to HIV vaccines, thereby blocking the spread of the virus. . Studies have shown that the protein PQBP1 (polyglutamine-binding protein 1) is the body's first-line sensor for HIV, which is critical for the initiation of an immune response. When PQBP1 encounters a virus, it can trigger a complete set of procedures to initiate an immune environment against infection and promote the production of specific antibodies. On this basis, PQBP1 can be used as a target for improving the efficacy of HIV vaccines.
11. PNAS: The Secret Mechanism of HIV Transmission June 1, published in a study published in the journal PNAS, virology at Emory University School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Atlanta Children's Health Center The family gave a key and detailed explanation of how HIV fits its infectious invisibility cloak.
HIV is spread between cells, and viral envelope proteins (Env) need to be incorporated into viral particles (when they emerge from infected cells). Under the leadership of Paul Spearman, the researchers found that a small portion of the "tail" of the envelope protein is required for its integration into viral particles.
12. PLOSPathogens amazing discovery: HIV also loves "sweet food"
On May 28, a study published in the journal PNAS published a new study from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University that found HIV cravings, which became an Achilles heel. .
13. PNAS: Leading snakes out of the hole to win HIV on May 19, published in a study published in the journal PNAS, researchers from the University of Montreal and other departments identified a new way to use a new way The "opener" drives the HIV virus to expose its sensitive "site", allowing the body's immune cells to kill the virus-infected cells. The study unveiled a new approach to combating HIV infection and provides new clues for developing new vaccines to suppress HIV transmission.
14.Nature: Scientists invent a new weapon against HIV - a widely neutralized antibody . In a study published in the journal Nature on April 8, scientists from Rockefeller University invented a new broad range of neutralizing antibodies. (3BNC117) can effectively reduce the level of HIV virus in the human body. This method is called passive immunity and is the injection of antibodies into human blood. Researchers have conducted a variety of tests in the human body, hoping that the method can help prevent, treat and even cure HIV.
15.Nature Communications: Using HIV technology to eradicate HIV
Imagine using a drug to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treating patients who have been infected with HIV, and even removing all latent virus copies from patients with advanced disease. It sounds like science fiction, and scientists from the Salk Institute of Biology have developed such a kind by customizing a powerful defense system used by many bacteria and training this scissor-like machine to identify the HIV virus. The drug is a step closer. The study was published in the March 10 issue of Nature Communications.
16.Nature: New long-lasting AIDS therapy
In a study published in Nature on February 18th, scientists created a new molecule that promises to control HIV without the need for daily antiretroviral drugs. This molecule repels a wider range of HIV strains than all known widely neutralized HIV antibodies, and it is more potent than some of the most potent antibodies. In addition, the molecule safely protected monkeys from an HIV-like virus during the 40-week study period.
17.NEJM: Kidney transplantation between AIDS patients February 12, published in a study in Nature, a new study from South Africa shows that HIV may not be between people living with HIV A barrier to kidney transplantation. This is good news for HIV-positive patients who are worried about kidney transplants in other HIV-infected people.
18.Science Translational Medicine: Mobile phone detection of AIDS, results in 15 minutes. February 4, published in the journal Science Translation Medicine (Science Translational Medicine), a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University Samuel K. The research team led by Sia invented a low-cost mobile phone accessory that, when used in conjunction with a mobile phone, can simultaneously detect markers of three infectious diseases, including HIV antibodies and Treponema pallidum-specific antibodies, by detecting blood samples from fingers. And non-specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum.
19.Cell: Let HIV escape
On January 29th, in a new study published in the journal Cell, researchers and collaborators led by Professor Michel C. Nussenzweig of Rockefeller University presented some new insights revealing which cells have It is possible and unlikely to hide the hidden HIV threat. [detailed]
20.Nature: establish destroy mutated HIV immune army <br> <br> the latent HIV virus leads to the hiding place, destroying its treatment last stubborn resistance is the ultimate goal of eradicating HIV, but recently made this Some attempts ended in failure. Now, the results of a new study led by Johns Hopkins University reveal the reasons behind it and propose new strategies that may lead to the development of a therapeutic vaccine to eradicate the stagnation of the body. The virus has drawn a blueprint.
These findings, published in the January 7 issue of Nature, show that viruses can make themselves difficult to identify through mutations, allowing them to avoid damage from the immune system even if they are seduce. This has hampered research efforts to eradicate HIV. The research team also succeeded in training the immune system to recognize, attack and suppress these mutant HIV viruses after they have left the dormant state.
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