How to improve the use efficiency of farmyard manure
Manure is mainly used as base fertilizer, but due to the large amount of fertilizer, chaos, miscellaneous and high price, many vegetable farmers choose manure as top dressing, which is applied with water, and also has ditch application. However, because many vegetable farmers have unclear understanding of the characteristics of manure, improper application has led to many problems such as vegetable yellow leaves and growth retardation.
Rushing
In the greenhouse vegetable bases in Qingshan Town of Luoshan County and Caiyuan Town of Tangyin County, manure is mainly used as top dressing. However, there are still many problems in the process of topdressing, such as the unreasonable ratio of fertilizers, the emergence of smoked sheds without being decomposed, etc., which need to attract the attention of vegetable farmers.
First, manure needs to be applied in combination with potash. Although the nutrients contained in the manure are all, the nutrient content ratio is not necessarily suitable for the growth of vegetables. According to the survey, the main use of topdressing in various places is pig manure and chicken manure. These two kinds of manure have high nitrogen and high phosphorus, but the potassium content is low. For example, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of pig manure are 0.6%, 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively. Chicken manure is 1.63%, 1.54%, and 0.85%.
For solanaceous and melon vegetables, the demand for potassium is much larger than that of nitrogen, and the demand for nitrogen is much larger than that of phosphorus. For example, the ratio of NPK to tomato is about 3.3:1.3:3.5, and eggplant is 3.3:0.9: 4.5, pepper 5.19: 1.07: 6.46, cucumber 2.6: 1.4: 3.5. Simply applying manure is obviously not enough for the growth of vegetables. Therefore, manure must be applied in combination with potash, generally 3 to 5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.
Second, manure must be fully decomposed. The unfertilized manure nutrient has low effectiveness, which not only fails to achieve the purpose of top dressing, but also causes problems such as root injury and smoked shed. Therefore, the manure is used as a flushing fertilizer, and it is recommended that the vegetable farmers prepare early and avoid applying fresh manure. The manure can be bought half a year in advance, stacked in front of the shed, and the decomposing agent is added to prematurely decompose.
When decomposed, manure should not be piled too thick, but also pay attention to proper ventilation. Small bundles of corn stalks can be inserted into the manure pile to ensure proper oxygen supply, promote the growth of biological bacteria, and ensure that the manure can be decomposed. Or put the manure into the fermentation tank before topdressing, evenly add the decomposing agent, decompose for more than 20 days and then use it as a top dressing.
It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the manure has low nutrient content and poor effectiveness. It is best not to use it continuously for a long time, but it should be used in combination with biological fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer.
Ditch or hole
Eggplant, loofah, etc. are mostly cultivated in a year, although the amount of base fertilizer is large, but topdressing is more important. It is easy to carry out with water, and it is most recognized by vegetable farmers. However, when it comes to topdressing, many vegetable farmers first think of watering with water, and neglecting the methods of ditch application and acupoint application. It is ok to drink two vegetables a year with water, but it is very unfavorable for a year.
The manure is applied by ditching or digging holes, which can not only supplement the nutrients needed for vegetable growth, but also reduce the volatilization and loss of the active ingredients of the fertilizer. It also loosens the soil to a certain extent, enhances the permeability of the soil, and is beneficial to the growth and development of vegetable roots. Increased activity makes vegetables grow stronger. According to the vegetable farmer's experiment, a large amount of vegetables will be fertilized or applied in the winter, which can promote the return of the vegetables in the spring in advance. After returning to the tree, the flowers are more fruity and the yield is higher.
Before applying the manure or the hole, the mulch should be uncovered first, then digging or digging at 15-20 cm from the plant. The ditch (hole) is about 10 cm deep, and the soil is covered with fertilizer. Ditch application or acupoint application should be based on decomposed manure, 400-500 kg per mu, with commercial organic fertilizer (such as Dayuan fish protein fermented soybean meal, etc.) 100-150 kg per mu, high-quality high-potassium compound fertilizer 15-30 kg . Watering once after fertilization.
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