Orchard Management: Fruit Tree Management Techniques
After fruit picking, you should never ignore the fruit trees, because management at this time is very important. If you don't do well, it will affect the growth of the fruit trees in the coming year and the quality of the fruit.
During the growth process, the fruit consumes a lot of nutrients, and even the nutrients from the bark are preferentially supplied to the fruit. The fruit trees are faced with the crisis of nutrient deficit after harvesting the fruit, and the branches that are improperly managed are long and have too many fruits. Insect pests, cold damage, freezing damage and harsh environments (such as typhoons, hail, etc.) caused by the wounds, etc., will cause the tree to weaken and reduce the disease resistance. In this period, it is necessary to do a good job of autumn fertilizer, pruning, pest control, clearing garden, etc. jobs. The following is the specific details of the management after the orchard picking, you are welcome to read.
1, autumn Shi base fertilizer
Time for applying the base fertilizer: It is generally recommended that the deciduous fruit trees be carried out 1-2 months before the leaves, and the earlier the fertilization time, the better.
Type and quantity of fertilizers: mainly choose organic fertilizers, including plant sources (such as: cake fertilizer, straw, grass ash, etc.) and animal sources (such as: chicken manure, sheep manure, pig manure, human waste, etc.), organic fertilizer must After being piled up, it is used again after being decomposed. How much fertilization should be judged according to the tree potential, if the growth of the tree is weak, the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately. According to the situation of the orchard, increase the Chinese herbal preparations (C. chinensis), medium and trace elements, and biological bacteria (diuretic).
The way to apply the base fertilizer: generally use side deep application. This period is the peak period of root growth in the current year. The wound caused by root fracture can heal faster, and the roots are newly absorbed at the root of the root to promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and the nutrients absorbed by the roots can improve the photosynthesis of the leaves and increase the photosynthetic rate. Extend the growth period of the leaves to facilitate the creation of more organic matter as a reserve material for the tree.
2, proper pruning
Fruit tree pruning has a very close relationship with the position and direction of shoot growth and the quality of flower bud formation. In order to reduce the nutrient consumption of fruit trees, the tree in the fruiting period promotes the fullness of the branches and the fullness of the buds, which is beneficial to the wintering of the trees and proper pruning after fruit picking. It is necessary to partially cut off or completely cut off clumps, overly branches, thin branches, drooping branches, long branches, and pests and branches. Increase ventilation and light transmission, help to increase the return of nutrients in the tree and enhance the ability of the tree to keep out the cold. Alleviate the growth potential of shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. After trimming the cutting saw, in order to prevent the infection of the bacteria, the original solution of the ulcer can be applied to accelerate the healing of the wound.
3, film protection
The late autumn season is at the peak of the third growth of the roots of the fruit trees and the reflux period of the ground nutrients. At this time, the film or grass can delay the decline of the ground temperature, resist the drought and protect the grass, prolong the growth period of the roots, and significantly increase the number of new roots of the fruit trees. Improve the effect of the base fertilizer in autumn, promote microbial activities, increase soil nutrients, prevent premature leaf detachment, and help the accumulation of nutrients in the late fruit trees. In addition, it can effectively prevent and isolate pests such as carnivores and gray elephants from entering the roots and necks.
4. Qingyuan and pest control
After the fruit trees are deciduous, the garden will be thoroughly cleared, and the sick fruits, diseased branches and weeds in the garden will be removed and destroyed. Destroy the worms and rough skin and sew the pests in concealed places, and leave no dead ends. Cut off the diseased shoots and the damaged branches, saw and scrape off the rough skin with the rotted stems and cracked, and collect and burn at any time. After fruit picking, pests and diseases should be controlled, leaves should be protected to facilitate nutrient accumulation in the trees, and the cold resistance of the trees can be enhanced to lay a good foundation for flowering, fruiting and new shoot growth in the second year, and the number of pests and diseases can be reduced. The fruit tree scrapes off the old skin and the rough skin around the original disease, concentrates on burning and applies the septic liquid in the affected part, mainly to control the apple pear rot disease, kiwi canker disease, peach tree gum disease and so on. After harvesting the fruit and two-thirds of the leaves, the whole garden sprays the rot, reduces the number of pathogens, improves the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, is conducive to restoring the tree potential, improving the nutrient level of the tree, prolonging the functional period of the leaves, and increasing the tree body. The preservation of nutrition can better survive the winter.
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