Apple Tree Flower Management Technology
The management of apple trees must ultimately be reflected in the flowers and fruits. The production of sufficient quality fruits is the ultimate goal of apple production. Therefore, the management of flowers and fruits is very important in apple production. The main contents of apple tree flower and fruit management include: promoting flowers, keeping flowers, thinning flowers, thinning fruit, setting fruit, fruit bagging, color enhancement, and appropriate harvesting.
Apple thinning and fruit thinning is an important part of achieving high quality and high yield. It is a production measure for artificially arranging fruit tree growth results. Its role is: to reconcile annual and small results; to increase the commodity rate of the fruit; to ensure the health of the tree. Sparse flowering is to reduce excessive nutrients on tree nutrient consumption, so it is better not to delay. It is often said that "early fruiting is better than early flowering, and early flowering is better than early sparse budding."
In areas where the weather is good and fruiting is reliable during the flowering season, “flowers are set to be determined†(one sparse flower is in place, ie, the center flower is removed according to the distance); in the areas with bad weather and unstable fruit setting during the flowering period, light sparse flowers are encouraged (per cluster Flower stay center flower and a side flower), late fruit (end fruit within one month after flowering).
Thinning and fruit thinning methods
There are many methods to determine the appropriate amount of flower and fruit, which is suitable for the load. Here are two more practical methods.
This method is used for dry-weekly management of normal, tree-intact, and non-senescent trees. Determine the number of fruit remaining in the whole tree according to the dry perimeter of the middle of the trunk. The formula is: the number of fruit per plant should be kept: 0.2 dry perimeter and dry perimeter. If the circumference of the middle of the tree is 30 centimeters in length and it is substituted into the above formula, the number of fruits per plant is 0.23030=180 (pieces). In order to prevent accidental injury, an additional 10% insurance factor should be added. The actual number of fruit remaining per plant is 180+18=198 (units).
Distance operation is easy to master. Red Fuji apples are left with 1 fruit per 25 centimeters or so, strong trees and weak branches with 25-30 centimeters are left with 1 fruit, and the fruits are evenly distributed. However, it is easy to keep more in practice. After using the dry cycle method to determine the total tree load, it would be more reasonable to use this method again.
Thinning and fruit thinning procedures
First sparse the tree, then sparse the tree; first sparse the tree, then sparse the tree; first sparsely flowering, fruit special multi-tree, after the sparse flower, fruit more trees; first sparse stem branch, after sparse axillary support . In a tree, first sparse the upper part and then sparse the lower part; first sparse the inner gills, and then sparse the periphery; first, sparse flower buds and deformed flowers, and then sparsely buds. In the operation, follow the order of the branches, step by step, to prevent ignorance.
Thinning and thinning fruit should not be rigid
According to the tree vigor and branch vigor, the strong stay more flowers and fruit; the weak stay less flowers and fruit; the ordinary trees retain the flowers and fruit on the middle and long fruit branches; the short-branch trees have more fruit branches with the length of the branch axis. Leaves flower buds, fruit.
According to the appropriate load to stay in the flower, fruit in poor weather conditions, sparse, fruit thinning should leave room, generally more than the appropriate amount of 15% to 20% of the insurance factor. When the bagging is to be finalized, even when bagging, the amount of fruit to be set is 5% to 10% more than the appropriate amount. Because the general bagging fruit is also wind fruit, people hit the fruit and other losses. At the same time, should be selected fruit, center fruit, large fruit, end fruit, drooping fruit, evenly distributed fruit left, to eliminate pests and fruit, malformed fruit, fruit, small fruit or fruit in the wrong direction, so that fruit on the fruit Right amount and good quality.
In the principle of fruit retention on a single plant or on a single branch, in principle, there are fewer backbone branches and more auxiliary branches; more strong branches and less weak branches; less internal hemorrhoids and more peripheral peripheries; the top of the backbone branches is left less or not; After leaving the branches on the former sparse, in order to facilitate later retraction. After adjusting the load of the whole tree, review it carefully to prevent it from being missed.
The fruit branch was selected from 5 to 6 years of age. Generally do not leave "a heavenly fruit" (counter fruit). Because this kind of fruit can be easily blown off by the wind, its coloring is limited to the scorpion's end, and the fruit's back is easily cracked. In addition, the fruit directly on the fruit branch behind the backbone branch is weak because of its weak development, less light, and poor coloration. It should also be removed. The flowers and fruit of the buds are often removed except for the preserved value of the tree or the frozen tree.
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