Technical measures to reduce sow miscarriage in large-scale pig farms
As a farm owner or manager, if the first thing to hear employees reporting at work the first time is to abortion several litters today, it is a very unlucky and troublesome thing. The author has been doing management work on a large-scale pig farm for several years and personally experienced the problems caused by sow abortion. She is now summarizing some of her personal experiences and practices, and she is trying to reduce some of the unfavorable factors that affect sow fertility.
Abortion is the interruption of pregnancy. Refers to the mother's pregnancy, because of a variety of reasons caused by the embryo or fetus and the mother's physiological relationship between the disorder, pregnancy can not be interrupted. After the pregnancy is interrupted, the embryo or fetus undergoes different changes. For example, embryo liquefaction is absorbed by the maternal body, fetal cadaverization, fetal immersion, and stillbirths are excreted from the body or live fetuses are excreted. This article refers to a miscarriage in which a stillbirth or a living fetus is excreted, that is, a visible abortion. The general classification of sows abortion causes contagious abortions and non-infectious abortions. This article talks about abortion that occurs under normal production conditions, that is, abortion caused by disasters or infectious diseases.
The pig site where the author works is located in the southeast of Guangxi. The average annual temperature is 21.5C, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The cold and heat changes are significant. The coldest is January, with an average of 12C; the hottest month is July, with an average of 29C, and the extreme highest temperature is 40C. In this field, about 16,000 pigs can be slaughtered annually, and Du Dachang (Du Changda) three-way crossbreeding pigs are reared. The annual production of sows is 600-800 heads. The female parent is big or big, and the father is Duroc; Breeding with artificial insemination, feed is a full price compound material. Pipeline operations, that is, distribution of species - pregnancy - childbirth - childcare - fattening five stages of production. Production statistics use GPS farm management information system software. According to data from 2005-2007, there were 6,869 female sows in total, which were 2310, 2575, and 2011 respectively. The sow's gestational age is between 0-12. According to the annual abortion rate, the rate of abortion is decreasing year by year. In the first half of the year, the abortion rate in the first half of the year is much lower than that in the second half of the year. The sultry weather begins in July every year, and it enters the extreme high temperature period after July 20 for 15 days. Around, the temperature difference between day and night is less than 5 degrees, maintaining 35-38 degrees. At this time, if the wind speed is lower than 3, some sows in the concrete house with a space below 2.5 meters will have abortion due to heat stress. In addition, sows reproductive system diseases, immune stress, improper feeding, gregarious stress, and weather mutations can cause miscarriage. Based on the situation in this field, we analyze the main reasons and solutions for abortion that have been most easily caused in the past few years:
1. The structure of the pig bar is not suitable for feeding foreign pigs
This site was built in the 1980s with a short roof, 2.6 meters above the sky and 2.4 meters below the ground. It is a concrete flat-topped structure that faces south in a single row (walls in the north and sports fields in the south). The structure of the pigskin can keep warm in winter, but it is not cool in summer. It is suitable for raising local pig breeds and is not suitable for breeding foreign breeds. In the high temperature season every year, the maximum temperature in the column reached 39 degrees and the relative humidity was about 87%. Some sows were not able to endure abortion due to high temperature and high humidity. Abortion will occur day and night, a few a week abortion several nests, of which the majority of pre-pregnancy.
In order to solve the problem of unreasonable high room temperature in the barn structure, this site has taken measures such as tree planting, shelter awning, and atomization cooling to make up for it. In other words, the larvae are planted in the open space between the pens. When the height of the tree exceeds the roof, the roots of the trees will be cut off. The taller the trees, the better the trees are, so that they are both airy and shaded; each year before the high temperature season, In the south sports field, a simple pergola was placed, and a sunscreen covering the top of the shed prevented most direct sunlight; when the temperature in the shed reached 35C or more, 2% vinegar was used to atomize the space, and the effect was repeated several times during the day. Good, Sherwin can reduce about 2C; in the absence of wind, it can increase the power fan or exhaust fan better.
2, postpartum diseases affect sow pregnancy
Prior to 2005, sow health care used perinatal uterus irrigation, intramuscular injection of antibiotics, metritis, mastitis discovery, treatment, etc. to do perinatal health care for sows. Results The incidence of postpartum metritis, mastitis, and postpartum alopecia syndrome was very high in sows. The incidence of mastitis was 7% in high temperature seasons in one month, and the intrauterine mucus examination in 10 days after delivery was found. The detection rate of metritis was 32%. Milk syndrome also occurs from time to time. These diseases seriously affect the pregnancy of sows and cause embryos or fetuses to die in mid-gestation and cause miscarriage. Aiming at abortion caused by disease factors, first of all, ideologically, we should pay great attention to the perinatal health care of sows, change sows to be livestock, and fear that hunger is not afraid of dirt. We must focus on prevention and focus on prevention. One week before the sow is fed, add the medicinal material once a day for one week; the sow is given intravenous drip care when the first piglet is produced; the health care medicine can use metronidazole, penicillin, Houttuynia, vitamin C, Oxytocin and other drugs are used in combination with normal saline to provide head care and prevent leakage. The uterus administration uses 1-3 g of chlortetracycline powder dissolved in 80 ml normal saline, which is imported into the uterus on the second day after delivery. The body surface must be sterilized before the sows are transferred to the puerpera; the prenatal and postnatal post-harvest body should always be kept clean and empty. The disinfection of the pens must be thorough, and it is best to use a high bed for conditions.
3, immune stress caused by abortion
According to the author's observation, it is found that vaccines that cause abortion after sow immunization are mainly oil adjuvant vaccines, such as mouth-and-mouth vaccines, pseudorabies vaccines, and encephalitis B vaccines. In the past, these vaccines had been used to inoculate the entire population in one swab. On the second and third days, abortions were found in successive sows, with abortion rate ranging from 2% to 3%, ranging from 0.5% to 1%. At present, this situation has been improved. The use of imported adjuvants for the foot-and-mouth vaccine is a good solution to the immune stress; the vaccine for pseudorabies seedlings has oil adjuvant vaccines and water adjuvant vaccines, and the selection of water adjuvant vaccines is much less stressful; Japanese encephalitis vaccine is routinely used twice a year, that is, in March and September each year, but it also causes miscarriage after injection. Abortion is usually 30-50 days of pregnancy. Embryonic head congestion is usually seen. Pigs are asymptomatic. It is estimated that the immune protection period is not linked to the formation of immune cavities, it is recommended to increase the frequency of immunization of the seedlings. In order to reduce immunological stress, immunization should avoid merging and choose to inject better during the feeding process. During the entire gestation period of the sow, the first 40 days belong to the period of embryonic instability. When sows are vaccinated, every effort should be made to avoid vaccinations during this period.
4. Abortion caused by improper feeding and management and improper grouping
Pregnancy sows are very sensitive to feed quality. If the feed nutrition is low and the quality is poor, the sows will soon lose weight and the piglets will be born more often or prematurely. Some of the sows will also lose weight due to lack of nutrition. . In recent years, we have strictly controlled the quality of feeds and systematically managed the process from raw material storage, storage, processing to feed feeding. The water content of corn entering into the warehouse is within 14%, the appearance is bright and full, and no mildew particles are put into the warehouse. The raw materials are checked for deterioration before processing, and they are qualified before entering the finished material processing plant. Pregnancy is divided into two stages, that is, the pre-pregnancy material and the post-pregnancy material, the preliminary material digestion energy 3130 kcal, crude fat 4.1%, crude protein 14.5%, feeding 90 days of pregnancy before the sow; late digestive energy 3188 For kilocalorie, 4.5% crude fat and 14.9% crude protein were fed to sows at the age of 90 days of pregnancy. One week before delivery, feed the mother feed. Feeds on farms should not be stored for too long and generally not preservatives. To accurately report, autumn and winter does not exceed one week, spring and summer does not exceed four days. After sowing, the sows are generally measured at the age of 30 to 40 days, and they are placed in the positioning column in the early stage and transferred to the big column after the measurement. When the sows are transferred to the big column, the sows have a mutual recognition and status determination process. This process lasted half a day and caught up with each other. This process often leads to miscarriage of sows, especially in July, August and September. To reduce the incidence of abortions in the fence, do strength differentiation before and after the spelling, consider the number of column heads, generally put 4-5 heads in the column, and average head area of ​​more than 1.5 square meters is more appropriate.
Based on the above analysis, the main cause of sows abortion is caused by various external stress factors, especially the greatest impact of heat stress. The farm where the author works is an old farm. The barn structure is not suitable for the modern new process of raising pigs. The stress-induced abortion is particularly prominent. How to reduce abortion and reduce losses is a problem that we think all year round.
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