Prevention of dystocia in pigs

Dystocia refers to the process of delivery, the delivery process is blocked, the fetus can not be properly discharged, sows rarely occur dystocia, the incidence rate is much lower than other livestock, because the sow's pelvic inlet diameter is 2 times longer than the fetus's widest cross-section, It is easy to produce piglets. The occurrence of dystocia depends on one or more of the three factors of productivity, the birth canal, and the fetus. Mainly found in the early sows, old sows.

[Symptoms] The causes of sows' dystocia are the following:

(l) Due to improper feeding and management, poor sow nutrition, poor physique, or sows are too obese, lack of exercise, lack of green feed, and old pigs, too many fetuses, etc., causing sow uterine contractility, weak pull-out force , Sometimes it starts to give birth to obnoxiousness, and then there are 3 or 4 fetuses left without power.

(2) The fetuses are too large, the fetal position is not correct, the fetal pig malformation and two fetal pigs are wedged in the birth canal at the same time, so that the fetus can not be produced smoothly.

(3) The sows have poor development, premature breeding and other reasons. The pelvis of the sow is narrow and the birth canal is narrow, affecting the fetal pig output.

[Clinical Symptoms] Dystocia caused by different reasons, clinical manifestations are not the same, and some in the delivery process when the time lying, painful, sow swollen vagina, bile fluid outflow, when the responsibility, but not small Pig production, breast enlargement and drip milk, and sometimes produce some piglets, can not continue to discharge after a long interval, some sows do not blame or reproach weak, can not produce the fetus, if the time is too long, the piglet may Death, severe cases can cause the sow to die.

[Diagnosis] It is not difficult to make a diagnosis based on the clinical symptoms of the sows at the time of delivery.

【Treatment】 When dystocia occurs, first remove the sow from the limit column and drive the movement in the aisle to aisle for about 10 minutes in order to adjust the posture of the fetus. After that, the sow will be hurried back to the column for delivery. This will not work. Choose drug elicited or assisted delivery

(1) General measures

1 For the fetus is too large or the sow birth canal stenosis, so that the fetus is difficult to successfully pass the pelvic dystocia (more common in the first production of sows), midwifery if the birth canal is dry, can be oil (such as liquid paraffin) poured into the birth canal after the hand Pull in and out of the fetus.

2 For dystocia caused by inability to contract uterine contractions (common in old and weak sows with extended delivery time), when the cervix has been opened and there is no obstruction in the output, pituitary vasopressin 20-40 units can be injected intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. It is diluted with 5% glucose solution during intravenous injection and can be reused when necessary.

3 For dystocia caused by malposition of the fetus, it is possible to reach into the birth canal to correct the fetal position. The normal fetal position is with the head and the belly facing down, and the limbs stretch forward to grip the head, which looks like a diving posture.

(2) Drug elicited labor: After the complete examination of the birth canal was completed, the drug was used to induce labor. Oxytocin, or oxytocin, is the first choice. It is recommended that 30 to 50 international units of oxytocin be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously every 20 to 30 minutes. In order to increase the efficacy of oxytocin, estrogen can be used selectively, ie intramuscular injection of 10-20 mg of estradiol or other estrogenic preparations before oxytocin.

(3) Artificial Midwifery: Generally, find a small worker with a hand, cut the nails, remove the dirt on the edges of the nails, polish the edges of the nails, and wash the palms, arms, and mothers with 0.1% potassium permanganate. In the genitals of the pig, palms and arms are coated with soap or paraffin oil, and the fingers are held together in a cone-like shape and slowly rotated into the sow's birth canal. When the sow is in charge, it is stopped and the cause of dystocia is checked. Midwifery pulling force can not be used too much force, so as not to damage the sow's birth canal or cause the birth canal to prolapse.

1 Pull-pulls in a freehand manner: The midwifery arm slowly extends into the sow's birth canal to understand the piglet's fetal position. When the piglet is born, the four-finger stuck piglet's two ears are pulled slowly. The thumb and middle finger can also be used to hold the piglet's eyelid or use the thumb. With the index finger, the piglet was pulled slowly in the gap between the jaws. When the piglet is inverted, use the thumb, index finger and middle finger to hold the piglets and pull the piglets slowly. If the fetal position is not correct, the piglet fetal position can be corrected first and then pulled. If both tractions enter the birth canal at the same time, you can push one head inwards and then give birth as described above.

2 Device Midwifery: Generally, obstetrical hooks and traction ropes are used. Due to relatively large damage to piglets, they may even cause death. At the same time, they may damage the sow's birth canal. Generally, they have clinical experience. Obstetrical hooks can be made on a temporary basis depending on the degree of dystocia in the sows. Iron wires are generally used. At one end of the wire, a small hook is bent about 0.5 centimeters in diameter and about 40 centimeters in length. For midwifery, place the obstetrical hook on the palm of your hand and hold it with your thumb, forefinger, and middle finger. Rotate your hand in a conical shape into the sow's birth canal. Use the thumb and forefinger to hook the obstetric hook to the eyelid of the piglet or the gap between the mandibles. One end of the obstetrical cord is looped, and it is stretched into the birth canal with the thumb and forefinger together, and then the pig's mandible or forelimb (positive) and hind limb (backward) are slowly pulled. In the midwifery, it is best to take the sire and the sire responsibilities.

After 3 midwifery sow care: after the end of midwifery place intramuscular or intrauterine anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory drugs, with a one-time vas deferral pipette 0.1% potassium permanganate solution washed once a day, once every 3 to 5 days.

(4) Treatment of stillbirth dystocia: For very few sows that are close to the delivery period or longer than the delivery period, and the clinical symptoms of the delivery of lochia continue to flow from the vulva, sows are injected into the uterine cavity of the sow using a vas deferring tube. Concentrations of 1% to 3%, temperature 36 to 38 °C saline, until the salt water out of the sow pus, and then use oxytocin. After 20 hours, the sow's uterine contents can be expelled. However, it must be noted that oxytocin cannot be injected when the cervix is ​​not opened, the pelvis is stenotic, and the birth canal is obstructed; intramuscular injection of penicillin and streptomycin 3 - 4 must be given intramuscularly each day to prevent the genital tract from appearing. Inflammation.

(5) Tone J. Abdominal birth: When the above methods are ineffective, a laparotomy may be considered.

1 Preparation before surgery

work. Check the sow: The sow's body temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate are all within the normal range before Caesarean section can be performed.

n. Surgical instrument preparation: hemostatic forceps, tweezers, sterile gauze, bandages, suture needles, various types of silk thread, etc. are used after disinfection, and some medicines and thermal insulation equipment are prepared at the same time.

111. Baoding: Sows use Baoding on the right and fix the head and limbs in a clean pig house.

W. Infusion: Infusion is performed with 500 ml of 10% glucose saline plus 4 million units of penicillin and vitamin C20 ml.

2 surgery

1 . The surgical site is determined; the left abdominal wall draws a vertical line from the medullary tubercle to the abdomen, and then leads a parallel line from the knee joint of the hindlimb that has been pulled backwards, about 5 cm from the front L of the two-line intersection. At the beginning of the cut above the incision, cut the skin slightly forward and down here. The cut length is 20 cm.

11. Disinfection and anesthesia: The operation department was cleaned, shaved, and wiped with iodine disinfection. An inhalation of subcutaneous and intramuscular anesthesia along the incision line was performed using a 0.5% to 1% procaine hydrochloride 20-30 ml. Preoperatively, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body weight) is the preferred basis for anesthesia.

m. Surgical methods: blunt dissection of subcutaneous fat, muscle and sarcolemma with a knife handle, with two hemostatic clamps holding the peritoneum to the L, cut the peritoneum between the two clamps. Remove the uterine horn on one side and place a large piece of sterile gauze between the uterine horn and the surgical incision to prevent the intestine from coming out of the uterus and cutting the uterus into the abdominal cavity. Long longitudinal incisions are made along the uterus in the proximal part of the uterus to avoid large blood vessels. Piglets close to the incision are taken first. The other piglets are then pressed with fingers to move them forward to the incision and removed. When a piglet is used, the fetal membrane must be torn first, and the piglet should not be peeled off after removing the fetal membrane to prevent the placental capillaries from bleeding.

The piglet is handed over to the assistant. After confirming that no piglets have been left in the uterus, rinse the surface of the uterus with saline, and fully dry the liquid on the outer wall of the uterus with sterile gauze. Spread the blue and streptomycin powder in the uterus and use a No. 4 silk thread to continuously suture the seromuscular layer of the uterus. The nodule invaded the serosal muscle, coated with anti-inflammatory ointment, and returned the uterus to the abdominal cavity. After the uterus is returned to the abdominal cavity, it can be returned to its original position as much as possible, and 500 ml of heated physiological saline is added to the abdominal cavity to fill the lost peritoneal fluid. The peritoneum was then continuously sutured with a line 4 and the muscles were sutured with nodules. And coated with blue, streptomycin powder, nodule 7 suture the skin with nodules, and finally made 4 needles sutured, coated with 5% iodine, tightly bandaged and tied with an abdominal bandage, postoperative intramuscular injection of 500 million The unit was tetanus antitoxin and continued to infuse.

3 post-operative care

1 . After the operation, the sow was moved to a high bed in the delivery room and kept warm with a heat lamp. The piglets were manually assisted in breastfeeding and placed in the warming room after the milk had been poured.

11. After intravenous drip for 5 days, use 1500 ml of 5% glucose daily, 8 million units of penicillin, 4 million units of streptomycin, 60 mg of dexamethasone, 30 ml of 10% sodium cadmium, vitamins C40 ml; At the same time for 3 consecutive days, intramuscular injection of oxytocin 300,000 units in order to promote the discharge of the placenta.

m. After 4 days, 4 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin were intramuscularly administered daily for 2 consecutive days for 3 days.

W. The feed was banned within 24 hours after the operation, and a small amount of feed was subsequently added. Gradually increased, normal diet was resumed after 5 days, and the wound was removed 10 days after the operation.

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