How to effectively prevent citrus size years
In the high-yield years, the price of citrus fell unsalable, resulting in a bumper harvest. In a small year, there are no goods available, and even if they are fruitful, the quality is difficult to guarantee and cannot be sold, which seriously affects the economic income of the fruit farmers.
Causes citrus size year
Citrus is a perennial fruit tree with a long fruiting period and flower bud differentiation at fruit development. Therefore, in the citrus cultivation process, influenced by external environmental conditions and improper management techniques, citrus trees often occur in large and small phenomena.
Abnormal climate
Due to the fact that the climate is not adapted to the growth and development of citrus, the scope of production reduction is wide, and it is often one or several provinces and districts. The most important one involves the whole country.
Freezing damage: Severe cold injury is characterized by a large decrease in amplitude and a wide range of tree damage, which is the number one killer of the young age.
Water damage: Occurred mainly in low-lying areas, lighter roots damaged and reduced yields, severe plant deaths.
Heat damage: If the temperature is too high during flowering and young fruit period, it will cause heat damage and produce a lot of fruit drop.
Insufficient light: From April to April, if the long-term low-temperature and low-temperature light is insufficient, it can easily lead to poor flower development and cause a large number of flowering and fruit falling. Even a high-yield tree will become low-yield.
Improper cultivation
Excessive production: Lack of production control techniques in high-yield years, resulting in excessive nutrient consumption, insufficient nutritional branches, and reduced yields in the following year. This is a common cause of age and size.
The overall level of nutrition is low: As the amount of fertilizer is small, the nutrition of the tree is not sufficient for the development of shoots and flowers, which leads to a reduction in production.
Nutritional imbalance: Any nutrient element that needs artificial supplementation will lead to a reduction in the production of any element.
Damage to pests and diseases: When a certain pest is damaged to achieve economic output loss, it will lead to different degrees of reduction in production.
Fertilizer damage: When the amount of fertilizer is too much, the concentration of soil solution is higher than the solution concentration of the tree body will cause fertilizer damage and reduce production.
Pharmacy injury: Improper selection of medicines or high drug concentration can damage the tree and lead to a reduction in production.
Improper rootstock: size due to incompetent rootstock combination.
As a result of the above situation, there will be fewer results after a small year, excessive accumulation of nutrients will lead to the formation of excessive flower buds, and it will be easy to form a big year in the following year, thus falling into a vicious cycle of alternation between the new year and the small year.
Ways to reduce the size of citrus
To overcome the size and annual results, the most effective method is to ensure adequate nutrition, cultivate robust trees, and maintain a balance between vegetative and reproductive growth.
1, judge
Under normal circumstances, the size of the orange leaf area index after winter is the most effective way to judge the size of the year. The effective time of judgment is from the steady rise of temperature to before flowering. Within a certain range, the greater the leaf area index, the higher the yield.
(Leaf Area Index = Sum of Tree Crown Area / Land Area)
â— The average leaf area index greater than 3.5 can be judged as a big year.
â— The average leaf area index of less than 3 is judged as small year.
â— If the average leaf area index is less than 2 trees, even if it is difficult to achieve the desired results, the fruits should be abandoned, management should be abolished, and the tree vigor should be restored to ensure a good harvest for the following year.
2, leaving fruit
According to tree vigor and fruit-to-leaf ratio, fruit retention was performed. Generally according to the ratio of leaf to fruit: sugar orange 20:1, medium-fruit varieties (gonggan, etc.) 30 ~ 40:1, large fruit varieties (Wan Ci, Mao Gugan, etc.) 40 ~ 50:1, navel orange 60:1.
The result of the small year guarantees fruitfulness and fruitlessness. The young fruit will be sparsely fruit, weak fruit, malformed fruit, and some fruit too dense in time, and the fruit will remain scientific.
3, fertilization
According to the amount of fruit to be replenished, the nutrients needed by the plants should be properly supplemented, and the type of fertilizer should be paid attention to, and organic and inorganic substances should be properly matched. In particular, attention should be paid to the input of organic fertilizers and rational use of chemical fertilizers. At the same time, a large number of elements should be supplemented with both micro and trace elements.
â— The results of the Dynastics tree should be sufficient to apply fertilizer before the flower, fruit, and post-harvest three times. In addition to harvesting the fruit, all of them can be used in conjunction with sea elven biostimulators to improve the rhizosphere environment and promote nutrient absorption.
â— In addition to the above, the tree of the young tree tree should pay attention to increasing the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It can spray 500 to 800 times of the phosphorus and potassium source pool at the critical growth stage to promote strong shoots, enhance photosynthesis and improve quality. .
4, pruning
â— In the year of the year, due to excessive fruiting and nutrient consumption, the tree vigor is weakened, and the summer and autumn shoots are less. It is better to cut lightly, mainly using sparse shearing, to remove dead branches, pests and branches, and to keep thin branches and branches. , Maintain air and light, improve the quality and fruiting rate of flower buds in the middle.
â— As a result of small dates, the fruit tree has fewer fruits, more accumulated nutrients, more summer and autumn shoots, strong tree vigor, pruning should be heavy, sparse, shrinking, cutting combination, sparsely cut dense branches, cross weak branches, cultivate natural happy type robust crown .
5, the results of the mother
The result tree breeds a robust mother tree that can reduce and overcome the size and year-end results. Autumn shoots are often used as excellent mother trees.
â— As much as possible, the results tree of the Da Nian will choose the late summer shoots or early autumn shoots as the mother tree for the next year, which is beneficial to the flowering results in the coming year.
â— As a result of vegetative growth, the young tree is not suitable for early autumn shoots.
6, other management
For the prevention of freezing injury, water damage, heat damage, phytotoxicity, fertilizer damage, diseases and insect pests, etc., prevention work must be done. Once it occurs, the remedial work must be done in a timely manner according to the characteristics of the causes.
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