Freshwater salmon breeding technology Raiders
Carp, also known as Arowana, is one of the fish with the highest nutritional value. The protein content of fish and eggs can be as high as 18% and 29%. It is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids and trace elements, and has certain efficacy and beauty. Health function. Artificial freshwater cultured carp meat is superior to salmon, and caviar made of it is a gourmet dish that is popular among European and American countries. Artificial breeding of squid has a relatively high environmental and technical requirements. A set of related technologies was introduced in this issue for farmers' reference.
Environmental choice
Due to the great difference between the artificial breeding conditions and the natural environment, under the conditions of artificial breeding artificial regulation of temperature, light, water flow and other environmental factors can be used to meet the physiological induction and other technologies to reach the gonadal development and maturation, while feeding artificially with pellet feed.
Cod have a high requirement for the aquaculture water environment. Generally, the dissolved oxygen in water should be kept at 6-8 mg per litre. The fish pond should have a good intake and drainage system, with an area of ​​3 to 5 mu. The silt in the bottom of the pool is less than 10 cm. If it is a cement flow pool, the area is 50 to 300 meters, and the depth of the pool is 2 meters.
Before the stocking, use about 10 kg of quick lime per acre for disinfection, then dry in the sun. Water was injected 2 weeks before stocking and the water depth was 2 meters. The stocking density of squid is related to its individual size. The general specifications are between 300 and 500 grams, and 500 are placed per acre. The temperature of the catfish is 1-30°C, and the optimum water temperature for production of commercial carp is 20°C-24°C. When the summer pond water temperature exceeds 26°C, it should be filled with fresh water in time. The temperature in autumn and winter is preferably not lower than 4°C～6°C.
Fry cultivation
The eel began to swim in the spring and ended in the fall. The spawning type spawned in the spring and the spawning type spawned in the fall. The first sexual maturation age is 11 to 9 years old, females are 11 to 13 years old, and spawning cycle is 4 to 6 years. The growth rate of carp is relatively fast, and usually the hatched water can reach 7 to 10 cm after a month or so of breeding. Under appropriate conditions, stocks of 100 to 150 g in weight are stocked in the spring of that year. After 9 to 10 months, 0.75 to 1 kg of commercial fish can be cultured.
Seed cultivation ponds can be made of round glass jars or square concrete pools, with a diameter of 3 to 5 meters, a depth of 1.5 meters, and a pool bottom slope of 6% to 8%. Cement tank walls and the bottom are tiled, and the water depth is 0.6+0.9. Meter. Water quality requires non-polluting river water, PH value 7.2 to 8, transparency 20 to 40 cm, used after sedimentation and filtration. The water temperature is controlled between 20°C and 29°C. When the water temperature is lower than 10°C or higher than 32°C, use a boiler or deep well water to adjust the temperature and use an aeration pump to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water higher than 6 mg per liter. The influent water is sprayed and directly filled with water, and the drainage is the central overflow drainage. According to the water quality and the condition of the fry, the sewage is drained once every 2 to 3 days, and the dead fish is removed in time. The water wash basin is used once every 7 to 10 days.
Can be used to domesticated remora carp, tail weight 5 to 10 grams, body length 10 to 15 cm. The newly hatched larvae vary greatly in their body shape and behavior, and they are in the stage of body surface and yolk-breathing to phrenic respiratory transfer. At this time, sufficient oxygen is needed.
Nutritional needs
Protein carp is a carnivorous fish, animal protein is the main protein source, and the suitable content of feed protein ranges from 35% to 49%.
Fatty fish have a high capacity for fat utilization. Fat digestibility and feed efficiency can reach 90%. Carp can exceed 95%. The suitable content of fat in juvenile fish feed is about 9%, which is most suitable for carp use. Fat is fish oil, followed by soybean oil and corn oil.
The sugar carp is selective for sugar absorption. The digestibility of glucose, maltose and galactose can reach 95% or more.
Vitamins and Minerals Carp feeds are usually supplemented with 1% to 2% of complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts are generally 1% to 3%, and choline is 0.5%.
Feeding management
The response of fish to the outside world is unresponsive. In addition to swimming along the walls of the pool and the bottom of the pool, the fish rarely perform drastic activities. The energy consumed in the exercise is very low, but the food is very inertial and refuses to eat unfamiliar food. If you start with edible leeches and leeches, you must have a certain amount of domestication time when switching to compound feed.
In the stage of mixed nutrition where yolk sac is not absorbed, timely feeding of palatable opening bait can increase the survival rate of fry. This period of fry is passive feeding, so it is required to ensure a certain bait density in the water in order to have a higher survival rate.
Implementation of the timing, fixed-point, quantitative feeding principle, daily bait rate of 3%, later with the fish grow up, gradually reduce the bait rate, when the fish reached more than 1 kg, the daily bait rate does not exceed 1%. Because the salmon are afraid of light, the feeding time is every day at dawn and dusk. Fish Health II, multi-dimensional freshwater fish, and enzyme preparations were added every half month to improve the anti-stress ability and immunity of carp and accelerate the growth of carp.
The initial feeding is commercially available live leeches or zooplankton and other live baits, which are disinfected with potassium permanganate or salt before feeding and are fed 3 times a day; when the gilt fish body is 4 to 9 cm in length and weighs 1 to 4 grams , To complete the domestication from live bait to compound feed. Premixed soft pellets are used in the feed and hard pellets are used in the later period.
Disease prevention and control
Prevention of carp disease resistance ability, less incidence, in the breeding process based on the principle of prevention, as long as the prevention work, can basically prevent the occurrence of disease. Prevention can use a combination of water disinfection and bait feeding, and regularly splashing with quicklime, 20 kg per mu, can improve water quality and kill pathogens. 0.4 mg/L Trichlorfon Quanchiposa can kill the larvae of the ringworm, the third-generation worm and the auxiliary larvae. In addition, the first two months before the monthly bait, after the first non-medical bait, the drug accounted for 0.5% of the weight of the bait, the drug nitrofurazone and oxytetracycline, the two alternately used, the effect is good.
Bacterial enteritis generally occurs in the adult stage. Symptoms are abdominal, oral bleeding, anal swelling, and emaciation. Can be used Sterile Ling 0.2% bait feeding, continuous 5 to 6 days to cure.
Fatty liver diseased fish have no obvious physical symptoms, but only see inappetence such as poor appetite, slow growth, and low feed remuneration. Deaths are rare. There are many factors that cause fat metabolism abnormalities such as liver steatosis and fat accumulation in fishes. There are mainly insufficient or excessive feed major components such as proteins, fats, and sugars. The feed ingredient formula and the nutrition standard of the breeding object do not match well. Insufficient or excessive amounts of certain vitamins; too much fat in the feed; toxic substances in water; excessive or long-term use of antibiotics and chemical synthetic drugs and insecticides.
Feeds should not be fed with spoilage; feeds or drugs should not be abused or abused, scientific drugs should be promoted, and drugs should not be added to feed for long-term use. Some substances that are beneficial to lipid metabolism, such as vitamin B, vitamin E, and choline chloride can be added. Alkali and so on.
Liver congestion and liver hematoma disease There was no abnormality in the fish body surface. The anatomy showed that the liver had red spots, erythema, severe red, purple or brown color, and hepatomegaly. Diseased fish significantly reduced food intake or food, reduced vitality, body weight loss, dark gray, easy to secondary infectious diseases. Under the influence of pathogenic substances, liver tissue was severely affected and showed incompetence. In general, some drugs and poisons cause liver congestion and hepatic hematoma, or hepatic congestion and hepatic hematoma caused by fatty degeneration. The pathogenic factors are the same as those of fatty liver.
Liver tissue lesions develop to congestion stage. If diagnosed in time and measures are taken, they can be effectively controlled.
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