How to remedy crops after floods?
Since June, Hunan has suffered from persistent heavy rainfall, long time and heavy rainfall. A large area of ​​early rice in our province is in the wax ripening stage. The first season of rice is in the early stage of young panicle differentiation, and the late rice is the stage of breeding. At this time, it is also the peak period of spring and summer vegetable harvest. Rainstorms cause vegetables such as eggplants and melons to stop early, and almost no harvest for leafy vegetables. In order to reduce or avoid major damage to rice, vegetables, citrus, and dry grain crops caused by floods and floods, the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences urgently organizes experts to discuss and propose suggestions for the restoration of agricultural production and post-disaster remediation measures.
ã€Rice】
(a) Early rice wax ripening period
1, timely cleaning. When the floodwaters recede, it is necessary to pay close attention to cleaning the leaves. It is best to use a sprayer. Spray water to wash away the dirt on the leaves, focus on cleaning the top, that is, three leaves on the top of the ear, and have a good effect on the rapid recovery of rice.
2, reasonable drainage. If it is cloudy after the flood subsides, it will be drained once. If it is sunny, the shallow water layer still remains in the field, and is drained after the plants have recovered for 1-2 days.
3, disease prevention and treatment. After rice fields are flooded, rice is prone to bacterial diseases such as bacterial leaf stripe and bacterial leaf blight. After washing rice leaves, immediately use 25% Ye Ku Ling or 20% Ye Qingshuang 100 g or 20% Thiocenol copper. 125 ml, water 60 kg spray.
4. Resilience and derogation. Don't artificially raise the seedlings caused by the flooding, so that they are automatically adjusted, and at the same time, avoid spraying the stems when washing with water. For serious lodging rice, timely support and clean the leaves, reduce losses, and timely harvest. .
(II) Early stage of early rice and young panicle differentiation
1, clean water wash seedlings. When the flood water receded, rice was sprayed and washed to restore rice photosynthesis.
2, timely drainage. If it is cloudy after washing, it will be drained once. If it is sunny, the field still needs to keep a shallow layer of water. In the morning, check whether there is dew on the tip of the leaf, whether the base is hard, the tip of the leaf is dewy and the base is hard. Rice fields indicate that rice has returned to life and can be exposed to the fields for 2-3 days. Then, shallow water is used to supplement urea and potash 4-5 kilograms per acre, and dry seasons or dry weather after 4:00 p.m.
3, disease prevention and treatment. To strengthen the control of rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and bacterial leaf streak, immediately after washing rice leaves, use 40% rice bran or 25% prochloraz 100 ml, 20% Jinggangmycin Powder 50 grams, 25% Ye Lingling or 20% Ye Qingshuang 100 grams or 20% Thiosin Copper 125 ml, 60 kg sprayed with water.
4, replant disaster reduction. If the stems of rice stems are soft and wilting, ploughing and timely replanting of early-season rice will be broadcast live before July 25.
(III) Late rice seedling stage
1, clean water wash seedlings. Take the side of the water to clean the way, splashing water to wash the leaves, it is best to use clean water spray cleaning.
2, shady shades. After flooding, the root system of the seedlings has poor vigor. When the water is discharged, it depends on the weather conditions. If it is cloudy, water can be drained at one time, which is beneficial to the rapid recovery of rice. If it is sunny, the surface of the car still needs to retain a shallow layer to avoid dehydration and death of the seedlings. If there is a phenomenon of leaf reeling, it should be timely. Shade nets will be erected to prevent the death of young crops.
3, disease prevention and treatment. Immediately after washing the leaves, use 40% rice bran or 25% prochloraz 100 ml, 20% Jinggangmycin powder 50 g, 25% Ye Lingling or 20% Ye Qingshuang 100 g or 20% Thienone copper 100 ml, Water 60 kg spray, try to apply after 4 pm on cloudy or sunny days.
4, change the kind of disaster reduction. If the seedlings appear wilting phenomenon, early rice is harvested in time, and the medium-maturing varieties of early rice are selected to “turn autumn†live on July 25th. (Prof. Fang Baohua, Research Associate, Provincial Rice Research Institute)
ã€vegetables】
(I) Strengthen field management and minimize losses
1, row out. Clear the ditch and drain away the stagnant water in the vegetable field as soon as possible to reduce the water level and prevent the waterlogging of the roots of the crops. ?
2, dehumidification. After the heavy rain, greenhouse vegetables should be ventilated and ventilated in time to remove diseased plants and diseased leaves, reduce humidity and reduce the source of disease, and prevent the spread of diseases.
3. Strengthen the management of field vegetable lands. For vegetables with market value, it is necessary to promptly catch up and reduce losses. For fruits and vegetables that are affected by heavy rain, flooded fruits and vegetables are timely rectified and ribbled, and foliar sludge is washed away, with dead yellow leaves, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits removed. Supplement fertilizers in time to promote the development of new roots and new leaf growth. The cultivating soil in the cultivating soil loosens the soil permeability, so that the vegetables in the land can be restored as soon as possible.
4, prevent withered. The roots of vegetables that have been flooded for long periods of time have become rotten and damaged. When the rain is clear, it can easily cause death. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to proper shading after rain and to reduce the death of withering.
5, prevent diseases. High humidity in rain and high temperature after rain will cause disease epidemics, soft rot of leafy vegetables, downy mildew, melons and vegetable diseases, gray mold, wilt disease, eggplant early blight, gray mold, wilt disease, etc. Diseases are prone to occur, and targeted prevention and treatment should be carried out after the weather is cleared.
(2) To plow till the land, prepare for the next season's production for the heavily-damaged or unreceived plots, drain the ditch, resume production as soon as possible, and alleviate the shortage of vegetables in the market.
1, rush to plant fast-growing vegetables. Timely drainage of stagnant water, rush to broadcast a batch of leafy lettuce, such as cabbage, seedling cabbage, leeks, leeks, etc., in the production process should pay attention to the management of the water, the use of shade net cover to prevent heavy rain, High temperature and drought.
2, timely arrangements for gargle, grab a batch of autumn vegetables.
(1) Autumn cucumber: sowing before the beginning of autumn, using live broadcast, 3000-3500 points per acre, double plant per hole. Management points: Ensure the water supply at the seedling stage and the sapling stage, shoot side branches within five knots, and leave one melon and one leaf topping at five or more branches.
(2) Qiudou beans: sowing before the beginning of autumn (seeding after the beginning of autumn will reduce production 20% -30%), using live, about 3000 points per acre, double plant per hole. Management points: Pre-seedling, timely supply of water, to ensure that the seedlings are neat.
(3) Autumn beans: sowed before the beginning of autumn, using live broadcast, about 4000 points per acre, double plant per hole. Management points: After the first real leaf is developed, water and fertilizer management will be strengthened.
3, take heat-resistant cultivation, anti-season production of cool vegetables.
Using shade nets to cover, in the greenhouse or small arch shed seedlings, all seasons onions, radishes and other seasonal off-season vegetables, these vegetable production techniques require high, but good efficiency.
4, to strengthen the production of information organizations, as soon as possible to prepare the early autumn vegetables or early spring production.
Qiuyu vegetables include pepper, Chinese cabbage, red cabbage, radish, cabbage, cauliflower and so on. The peppers are planted in mid-July and planted in early August; the Chinese cabbage is sown in mid-late August and harvested before heavy snow; the red cabbage is sown from the end of August to the beginning of September; the radish and carrots are planted from August to September; Cauliflower, broccoli sowed in July-December; early spring cabbage seeded at the end of September; late spring cabbage seeded at the end of October. (Provincial Vegetable Research Institute Yuan Zuhua Researcher)
ã€Tangerine】
The continuous rainfall in Hunan caused a greater impact on citrus production. Firstly, due to continuous rain in spring and summer, normal production of pellet tubes can not keep up, some of the orchard spring base fertilizers are applied later or casually, some of them are not applied, many citrus trees grow poorly, and second, it is difficult to find sunny days. Drug fight, pest control is difficult, such as spider mite hazards worse than in previous years, sunny temperatures rise rapidly after the rain, citrus acute anthrax disease is prone to occur; Third, due to the accumulation of citrus roots respiratory respiration, cheesy or flat citrus orange citrus shoots Slow green, malnutrition. Some newly planted seedlings germinate new roots or roots due to water accumulation, causing seedlings to stop growing or die.
In order to strengthen post-disaster training and ensure that the loss of citrus disasters this year has been reduced to a minimum and production is guaranteed to increase, the following technical measures are proposed:
1. Rainfall gardens will be drained and drained in time to ensure that there is no accumulation of water in the heavy rain orchards.
2, timely compensation fertilizer, due to continuous rain caused by the tree to absorb nutrients less, fertilizer loss loss, must be combined with loose soil root application of citrus fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, crown leaves spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate leaves Fertilizer and boron, zinc, magnesium and other fertilizers.
3. Pay attention to the weather forecast, grab the weather to prevent pests and diseases, and observe the prevention and control effects in time after spraying. Special attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of citrus acute anthrax. The dead branches were cut off, collected together with the leaves and burned, and then sprayed with bactericide 1 or 2 times every 10 days. Pharmacy can be used 40% extermination Wei 500 times, 65% dexamethasone WP 600 times, 50% dexamethasone 800-1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 50% eutectic WP 500-800 times, etc. have a certain effect. A key measure to prevent the latent infection of anthrax pathogens is to spray the pesticide once during the spring shoots of spring, summer and autumn shoots. Spraying should be conducted 2-3 times within one month after flowering and sprayed once every 10 days. To prevent anthrax bacteria invade young fruit.
4. After the rain, the newly planted citrus seedlings will be rigged in time, and the appropriate amount of urea will be continuously applied around the seedlings' tree trays every half month of rain or on a cloudy day. The foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizers and Boron, zinc, magnesium and other fertilizers. Dead seedlings should be filled with container seedlings in a timely manner, and low seedlings should be raised and raised.
5, pay attention to the orchard rainy season can not use herbicides, the best mowing. (Provincial Horticultural Research Institute Yang Shuizhi Researcher)
ã€Dry food crops】
1. After the flood and waterlogging occurred, timely organized the harvesting of mature crops. The unripe crops should be dredged quickly during the heavy rain gap, and the trenches should be properly developed to remove the stains as soon as possible so that the surface water, latent layer water, and groundwater can be quickly excreted and reduced. The groundwater level of farmland grows with the root system.
2. After the flood and waterlogging disaster, there are sediments and floating debris attached to the plants. The plants should be washed with water to reduce crushing and rot of the seedlings. After the flood receded, the plant should be straightened to restore it as soon as possible.
3, increase chemical fertilizers. After the flood retreats, once the plants return to life, they should combine cultivator, loose soil, and soil, and increase chemical fertilizers in time to apply nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer should be based on the degree of damage to the plant, soil fertility and crop growth period, in principle, is appropriate for the phase of thin, urea at around 3 kg per mu. If the leaves turn yellow, it is advisable to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers.
4, control of pests and diseases. The erosion and submergence of rainwater, the easy spread of diseases, and the increase of diseases, should be based on the characteristics and trends of crop pests and diseases, and choose appropriate pesticides and doses for prevention and treatment.
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