Selection of improved varieties for jujube cultivation
I. Excellent varieties of Zao District in northern Shaanxi
Suitable for the cultivation of dried varieties in the Zao area in northern Shaanxi include Zhongyang jujube, Fang jujube, jujube jujube, Zanhuang jujube, Yanchuan dog head jujube, jujube jujube, Jin jujube, fresh food seed pear jujube, crisp jujube, etc. .
1, Zhongyang wood date alias wood date (Shanxi), Jude wood jujube (Qingtao), jujube jujube (Yanchuan), long jujube, oil date (Jiaxian). The fruit is medium in size, cylindrical in shape and slightly flat on the sides. It has an average fruit weight of 14.1 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 17.7 grams. It has a uniform size, a smooth fruit surface and a thick skin. The texture of the pulp is hard, slightly thicker, less juice, sweet, slightly sour. Suitable for making dry, quality and superior, dry rate of 48.6%. The variety is adaptable, drought tolerant, frost-resistant, mountainous and plain can be planted. Strong tree, large tree. The results were earlier, the fruit setting rate was higher and the fruiting period was longer. The fruit growth period is about 110 days. The short-term, rainy weather that can resist within two days of maturity is the dominant species in the development of northern Shaanxi.
2, Fang jujube fruit medium size, short column, the average fruit weight 12.9 grams, the maximum fruit weight 19.6 grams, uniform size, bright fruit surface luster, sugar and edible rate is higher, peel thin. The flesh is thick, the texture is dense and crisp, the juice is more, the taste is sweet and sour, and the dry rate is about 53%. This species has strong adaptability and is suitable for deep riverbed and slope planting. The tree is strong and has strong persisting ability. The yield is high and stable. The cracking fruit is lighter in mature period (better than Zhongyang jujube). The fruit development period is about 100 days and it is an excellent dry-making variety.
3, Zanhuang jujube fruit oblong or inverted oval, the average fruit weight 17.3 grams, the largest fruit weight 29 grams, neat size, thicker skin, poor luster, good toughness, slightly rough, but not easy to crack fruit, compact fine , medium juice, sweet and slightly sour, edible rate 96.0%, fresh food flavor in the upper. The result of dry system is full, elastic, resistant to storage and transportation, and superior in quality. The variety has strong adaptability, tolerance to drought and drought, stable fruit setting and high yield. The fruit is of good quality and is suitable for dry or processed candied dates. It is also suitable for fresh food and has a wide range of uses.
4. The jujube fruits are large, long ovate or nearly cylindrical, with an average fruit weight of 21.6 grams. The size is not neat. There are nearly 50 grams of jujube, thin skin and brownish red. The flesh is thick, the texture is dense and crunchy, the juice is numerous, the taste is rich, and the fresh food is extremely qualitative. However, in case of rain, it is easy to crack the fruit and rotten fruit, and the dryness rate is 30-40%. The variety is adaptable, cold-resistant, wind-resistant, drought-resistant and barren. The results of early age, rapid tree growth, high yield, generally 3 years after the start of the results, 7 to 8 years into the full fruit period, the fruit of the new date jujube head is extremely strong, fruit growth period of about 110 days. Is a good dry and fresh varieties.
5, Yanchuan dog head jujube fruit, oval or top vertebral shape, the average fruit weight 18.2 grams, the maximum fruit weight 22.7 grams, the size of irregular, thick skin, brown red, compact and crisp flesh, juice, and more Dry and fresh foods are of good quality. The variety is generally adaptable and requires deep and fertile soil. On barren land, the fruit development is small. Large trees, strong growth, early results, growth period of 100 to 110 days, should be fresh, superior quality, but easy to crack fruit.
6, jujube fruit large, cylindrical or long obovate, the average fruit weight 22.9 grams, the maximum fruit weight 36.1 grams, thin skin, dark red, thick flesh, slightly crisp texture, medium juice, suitable for drying, fresh food, processing Drunken dates and candied dates. The variety has strong adaptability, drought tolerance, salinity and alkali resistance, superior quality, easily falling fruit before harvesting, and serious fruit cracking in case of rain.
7, Lizao fruit large, round, the average fruit weight of about 30 grams, the largest fruit weight 50 grams or more, peel thin, flesh thick, crisp meat, sweet and juicy, superior quality, but easy to crack the fruit in the event of rain. The coloring is mature in mid-September, and it is full of red in late September. The variety has strong adaptability, small tree body, new jujube head, strong results, early results, high yield in the early period, high yield and stable yield. Anti-jujube disease is weak,
II. Fine varieties in the Jinghe River basin
This area is the largest fresh edible date base and candied fruit processing base in our province. The suitable fresh foods for planting include Lizao, Dongzao, Qiling, Junzao, Jinzao; candied fruit processing date Dazao Shuizao, etc.; Jujube is an excellent dry-making variety in the area.
1, jujube fruit nearly round, smooth fruit surface smooth, average fruit weight 10.7 grams, maximum fruit weight 23.2 grams, the size of a more tidy, thin and crisp peel, green and white flesh, tender and juicy, sweet, slightly acid. This species has strong adaptability, moderate tree vigor, moderate branching force, dense foliage, medium yield, and ripening in late September. It matures completely in mid-October and has a fruit growing period of 125-130 days. It is an excellent late-maturing variety. Areas with annual average temperatures below 12°C and low-lying wet areas are not suitable for development.
2. Juliang phase jujube fruits have high uniformity, fruit surface luster, fullness, and elasticity. The average fruit weight is 23 grams, and the dryness rate is 46%. It is cooked well in early October and has excellent crack resistance. It can withstand 5-7 days of continuous rain without falling fruit. The variety has strong adaptability, medium yield, stable production and high dry rate. It is a high-quality anti-crack dry jujube variety.
3, Daxie jujube The variety is distributed in Dayi County, is an excellent processing of candied varieties, large fruit, the average fruit weight 17.8 grams, the size of a more neat, fine texture, slightly loose, easy to crack the fruit in the rain. The variety has strong adaptability and moderate tree vigor. The result is early age, high yield and stable yield, and mature coloring in early September. It is an excellent early maturing variety.
4, mango dates, also known as frost red dates, fruit oval, a large fruit, the average fruit weight 30 grams, up to 50 grams, the size of a relatively neat; fruit surface smooth, thin skin, dark red, bright and beautiful, not cracked fruit, with High ornamental value. The flesh is crisp, sweet and sapy, and fresh food is of high quality and resistant to storage. It is fully mature from late October to early November. The tree is tall, the tree posture is open, the hair is strong, the adaptability is strong, the yield is high, the yield is stable, and the fruit is early. Suitable for dwarf dense planting, can develop in large areas where water and fertilizer conditions are good.
5, snow jujube fruit shape, nearly round, correct, high uniformity, color red, shiny, the average fruit weight 23 to 25 grams, the maximum fruit weight of 50 grams or more. The pulp has a dense texture, lots of sap, and is slightly sweet and sour. Fresh food is of medium quality. Strong adaptability, anti-drought, thin, with early solid, high yield, resistance to storage and other characteristics. The disadvantage is that the quality is not good, there are nuclear nuclear phenomenon. The tree vigor is strong and suitable for dense planting. After two years of general planting, fruiting begins, and after three years, it enters the result period, yields are stable and yields, and mature in early November, generally avoiding the rainy season and cracking fruit lightly. Areas with annual average temperatures below 13°C should not be developed.
6. The honey jar is small in fruit, nearly round in shape, with an average fruit weight of 9 grams and a maximum weight of 12 grams. The size is irregular. The fruit is bright red, the texture of the flesh is crisp, the juice is more, and the quality is extremely high. In Shaanxi, it generally matures in late August and is an excellent early-maturing fresh food species. It has strong adaptability and can produce good results in sandy soil and loess in the origin, as well as clay loam in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The tree vigor is strong, the branching ability is medium, the result is early, and the yield is high and stable.
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