Science Winter Farm Farmer Fertilizer Farming in the New Year Is Easier
Farmyard manure is a good organic fertilizer, but in winter, due to the low temperature, the man-made farmyard manure is not easily fermented and decomposed, and the farmyard manure contains many pests. If it is not treated, it will multiply, and it will harm crops after application. Therefore, in the winter it should be more scientifically deal with farmyard fertilizers. The experts of soil and fertilizer experts from the College of Resources and Environment of the Northwest A&F University come to remind farmers to deal with the following aspects:
Select the location of the first place to choose the manure source close to the manure, and flat terrain, leeward and convenient transportation as a place for stacking.
The shape of the scientific heap is preferably round, and the height of the pile is generally more than 1.5 meters, otherwise it is not easy to keep warm. When composting, the various farmyard manures should be broken up and mixed. After confirming the bottom of the dunghill, first spread a layer of yellow feces or various weeds, and stack the mixed farmyard fertilizers one by one until they reach the required height.
Increasing the amount of hot manure Winter crops of farmyard manure should be appropriately increased with large livestock manure and other hot fertilizers. This will not only result in fast fermentation but also good quality. In addition, the amount of water and soil should also be reduced to increase the temperature of the dung heap and speed up the fermentation.
Adding chemical substances If the stacking material is mainly manure, adding some of the superphosphate can not only accelerate the composting of the manure, prevent the loss of nitrogen in the manure, but also increase the content of organic phosphorus in the fertilizer and increase the efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer. If the stacking materials are mainly crop straws and leaves, adding 0.5%-1% ammonium bicarbonate and appropriate amount of human waste and urine stacking can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, promote the decomposition of straw, and at the same time improve the content of fertilizer. Nitrogen, improve fertilizer efficiency. If the proportion of human fecal urine in the stacking material is relatively large, the addition of 0.5% ferrous sulfate will allow the ammonium carbonate in human urine to be converted into stable ammonium sulfate, which acts as a nutrient and deodorizer to prevent the release of nitrogen.
Pay attention to the fact that the excrement piles are cold in winter. If the excrement piles are too small, they can easily be frozen and cannot be fermented, affecting the quality. After increasing the dunghill, the heat is distributed slowly, which is conducive to fermentation.
Control the moisture content of the compost and mix the various stacking materials. At the same time, adjust the humidity so that it can be held in groups and scattered to the ground to prevent the humidity from being too high. After the stack, the air permeability is poor and the temperature rise and fermentation are difficult.
Sealing mud insulation In order to maintain the temperature of the dunghill and prevent loss of nutrients, it can be covered with corn leaves or grass in the surrounding of the dunghill to form a 30-50cm insulation layer, and the old rice straw stalks are covered on the periphery and then the mud is closed. . Compared with no insulation layer, the content of organic matter increased by 1.96%, and the available nitrogen and available phosphorus also greatly improved.
When the smoke warming temperature is too low, a pit may be shaved in the dunghill and filled with inflammables such as hay. After the dunghill is built, it is ignited, and the temperature of the fertilizer stack is increased by slow smoking, thereby promoting rapid temperature rise of the compost and fermentation maturity. However, it should be noted that the ignition fumes are not fire burning, so as to avoid overheating and failure of manure. After the dung has been defrosted, it has been dug for more than 10 days, and both inside and outside have been decomposed.
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