Winter Spring Shelter Tomato Safety Management Prevents Two Harms

First, cold damage

In the winter and spring season, if the greenhouse tomato suffers cold damage, the leaves are dull green and the flower buds are not normalized, resulting in fruit cracking and deformity. Here, farmers are reminded to take preventive and remedial measures to reduce losses.

1. Preventive measures

Choose low-temperature and low-light resistant varieties. To nurture strong seedlings, the management of seedling temperature control is between 13-25 °C, especially the night temperature must be controlled between 13-18 °C; watering should not be dry or water, nor can water be poured. Use low-temperature, low-wet seedlings to enhance disease resistance. Increase the farmyard manure and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, deep plowing deeply, phosphate fertilizer should be applied calcium phosphate, it is best not to use diammonium phosphate, to prevent the occurrence of umbilical rot. Early planting must be prepared for temporary warming measures, such as mulching, small sheds or insulation. High ridge cultivation can increase the temperature. When the seedlings are planted, they should be poured with enough water. After the plants are planted, except for special drought, when the seedlings wilting, they should be watered once. Generally, they should not be watered until they reach the fruit set, and they can be watered in an appropriate amount in time to keep the ground moist and enhance the high-temperature air release at noon. Seedlings' ability to resist cold temperatures.

2. Remedial measures

After the tomatoes in the greenhouse are chilled, except for severe cold injury, the following measures should be taken to remedy the lightness of freezing.

(1) Irrigation reduces temperature. After the tomato in the greenhouse is irrigated, it can increase the heat capacity of the soil in the greenhouse and prevent the ground temperature from falling further. After the irrigation, the surface temperature of the surface layer can be stabilized, the temperature can be stabilized, and the frozen tissue can return to normal growth.

(2) Ventilation and cooling. After the tomatoes in the greenhouse are frozen, they should not be immediately heated in a closed greenhouse, but should be allowed to cool, so that the temperature in the greenhouse slowly rises, and the frozen tissue is allowed to absorb enough water for freezing to promote the revival of the frozen tissue. The organization died.

(3) Artificial water spray. Spray water with a sprayer in the shed to increase the air humidity in the shed, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the shed, inhibiting the dehydration of the frozen tissue, and promoting the absorption of frozen tissue.

(4) Shade and light protection. Prevent sunlight from directing the tomato tissue to dry, shrink and lose vitality.

(5) top-dressing spray. After the frozen tomatoes are rejuvenated, the quick-acting fertilizers must be applied in a timely manner to cut away the dead tissue and allow the tomato to grow rapidly. At the same time, we must strengthen management and use drugs to prevent and treat diseases and pests.

Second, flower topping

Tomatoes and cucumbers cultivated in winter and spring sheds often show growth points at the top to flower clusters from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage, and the plants do not dwarf and grow stagnant (commonly known as "flower topping"). Let it develop, it will lead to the death of the plant and cause huge losses to the growers.

1 "Flower topping" phenomenon

Often from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage, the results appear at the beginning. The aboveground parts of the plants grow slowly or stagnate. The plants are short and the cucumbers are shortened internodes. The flowering results are obviously shifted upwards to the top of the plant. In severe cases, the growing point is covered by floral instruments, the growing point shrinks or disappears, and the leaves become deformed or shrunken. Some tomatos begin to form young fruits, and the top flowers converge.

2. Cause

(1) The application of organic fertilizers that are not adequately decomposed: Due to the tight schedule during the preparation, straw, chicken manure, and other organic fertilizers are applied to the greenhouse without being fully decomposed. During the growth of the seedlings, the organic fertilizers begin to ferment, decompose, release heat, and compete with the seedlings. Moisture, at this time the soil moisture content is low, it is easy to form burning roots, hindering the normal growth of seedlings.

(2) Excessive application of fertilizers: When planting seedlings, too many fertilizers and organic fertilizers are applied in the planting hole. Because there is little water in the planting hole, the soil solution has high osmotic pressure, and the water absorption of the plants is difficult, resulting in physiological water shortage.

(3) Cryogenic Barriers: For many consecutive days of cloudy snow and haze, the temperature inside the shed continues to drop. When the local temperature drops below the lower limit of the suitable growth of the roots of vegetable plants, root hair no longer occurs, and then the root no longer elongates (the minimum temperature for cucumber root elongation is 8°C, and the minimum temperature for root hair is 12°C; tomato The minimum temperature for root elongation is 6°C, and the minimum temperature for hair generation is 8°C). As the ground temperature continues to drop, the duration of low temperatures prolongs. If the soil is relatively dry at this time, “cold root” will occur; if the soil contains more water, “roots” will occur. Irrespective of the “cold root” or “rooted root,” the root system will be damaged.

(4) The soil is too dry: due to the weather or facilities, the seedling stage is too dry, the soil is seriously deficient in water, and the seedlings are excessive, resulting in imbalance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and the plant turns into reproductive growth prematurely, causing "flower topping".

(5) Low night temperature: During the seedling stage, the night temperature in the shed is low (less than 10°C). The photosynthetic products produced during the daytime of the leaves are running slowly at night, and cannot be transported to other parts in time. Long-term accumulation occurs at the leaves and tips. The leaves turned dark green, the plants became dwarf, and there were obstacles in nutrient operation, resulting in "flower topping."

(6) Mechanical damage to the root system: When performing agricultural operations such as colonization and cultivating, the root system is damaged. Due to low temperature, long-term failure to recover, nutrient absorption is inhibited, nutrient growth is slow, and the proportion of vegetative growth and reproductive growth is imbalanced, resulting in “flowers. Topping."

(7) Injury to the underground pests: When underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and adult beetles occur in the shed, they often bite the roots of the plants, resulting in a reduction in the ability of the plants to absorb nutrients, resulting in slow vegetative growth and short plants, forming a “flower topping”.

3. Preventive measures

(1) Apply sufficient organic fertilizer: Before composting, fully decompose organic manure such as cow dung, horse dung, sheep dung, chicken dung, and straw, etc., in conjunction with site preparation, so that the soil and fertilizer are fully mixed.

(2) Excessive fertilization: Before planting, scientifically apply N, P, and K fertilizers, but no amount of fertilizer. It is advisable to use the balanced fertilization technique of soil testing formulas, take soil tests before soil preparation, and obtain data on various nutrient contents in the soil. Based on the expected output of the vegetables, a reasonable amount of fertilizer can be determined by calculation.

(3) Take measures such as artificially supplementing light or increasing temperature: When encountering cloudy days and hazy weather for many consecutive days, measures such as artificial light compensation, timely uncovering grass cover, reasonable ventilation, artificial warming, etc. should be adopted to try to improve the temperature of the greenhouse. Avoid crops "cold root" and "roots".

(4) Reasonable seedlings: After the tomato and cucumber have been fed with water, the seedlings should be properly planted and the soil should not be over-drought. In general, autumn and winter cultivation of seedlings 15-20 days, winter and spring seedlings 20-25 days, the length of the specific seedlings should be subject to scientific factors such as soil, seedlings and other scientific factors, usually sandy loam seedlings shorter time, clay loam longer.

(5) Keep the appropriate temperature during the seedling stage: tomato, cucumber seedling stage, keeping the greenhouse temperature at 15-20°C at night, minimum not lower than 12°C, promote fast running of photosynthetic products, avoid long-term accumulation in leaves and apex.

(6) Covering the film in time with the mulching and colonization of the mulching film, increasing the temperature of the soil, reducing the number of cultivating, and avoiding damaging the root system during agricultural operations.

(7) Prevention and control of underground pests: Before planting, the underground pests often occur and more shelters occur, and prevention and control are performed in time to prevent the underground pests from biting the roots and damaging the plants after planting.

4. Remedial measures

Mainly to strengthen the management of greenhouses, timely dismantling grasshoppers, improve greenhouse temperature, ground temperature; strengthen fertilizer, water use, promote plant growth, so that wounds heal as soon as possible. The specific measures are:

(1) When a "flower topping" occurs in tomato and cucumber plants in greenhouses, they should be carefully investigated and analyzed in detail to find out the real cause of "flower topping" and to prevent and control them in a targeted manner. After the “flower topping” occurs, the first measure is to remove all the flowers and fruits, reduce the burden on the plants, and promote the vegetative growth of the plants.

(2) For "rooting of flowers" caused by burning roots (including the burning of roots and burning of chemical fertilizers caused by the application of insufficiently cooked organic fertilizers), watering should be carried out in good weather in time to promote normal plant growth.

(3) For the “flower topping” caused by low-temperature chilling injury, it is necessary to increase the temperature and fill light, and artificial heating and light supplement measures can be used, mainly including filling light and supplementing light, and setting temperature-increasing facilities in the shed.

(4) For the "flower topping" caused by the damage of underground pests, poison bait and other measures should be used to control pests immediately.

(5) For the "flower topping" triggered by the roots of agricultural operations, management should be strengthened to promote root wound healing.

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