Six Ways to Improve Orchard Economic Efficiency
Orchard “grass†and “grass coverâ€
The "grass" and "grass cover" in orchards are suitable for orchards with poor soil, low fertility, poor water retention, and large weather and temperature effects. Orchard "sowing grass" is to plant a certain amount of leguminous plants, grasses or pastures between the orchards and between plants. It can also naturally grow grass and manage fertilization, irrigation, etc., and grow grass to 20 At ~30 cm, the grass was harvested in stages, sun dried until it was half dry, buried under the canopy, and repeated year after year. The grass method can fertilize the soil, protect the soil, increase the yield and quality of fruit trees, and can also greatly reduce the amount of herbicide used. Orchard "mulching grass" refers to the harvested crop stalks (wheat stalks, corn stalks, etc.) or leaves, which are directly covered under fruit trees. The amount of grass cover per tree is based on the projected area of ​​the canopy, and the thickness of grass cover is generally 15 ~ 20 cm, a "covered grass" can be managed for 2 to 3 years. It can not only improve soil organic matter, improve soil physical properties, enhance tree vigor, and increase the ability of fruit trees to resist cold during winter, but also effectively control the occurrence of diseases such as sunburn and red spider mites.
Dwarf crops growing between fruit trees
Intercropping strawberries and Chinese herbal medicines between young fruit trees, or interplanting peanuts, soybeans, mung beans, adzuki beans in summer, and interplanting high-quality vegetables with high economic value such as cabbage, carrot, cabbage, garlic, radish, etc. in autumn and early spring. Cultivation. It can not only increase the economic income of the orchard, but also accelerate the ripening of the soil, reduce the loss of water and fertilizer on the ground, promote the growth of fruit trees, realize the combination of land use and land-raising, and achieve the purpose of short growing.
Orchard clever use of plant ash
The plant ash is a high-quality potash fertilizer and soil loosening agent, which can improve the drought resistance of the fruit tree, make its branches green and blue, enhance photosynthesis, reduce flower and fruit shedding, promote flower and fruit coloration, and improve fruit quality. At the same time, it is also the “nemesis†of fruit and tree diseases and insect pests, which can prevent early defoliation and prevent fruit tree diseases such as root rot and downy mildew. For example, using tree ash to prevent root rot in fruit trees is to loosen the soil near the roots of the fruit trees and gently remove the roots to expose the roots. Use a knife to scrape off the diseased skin on the roots and dry the roots for 2 to 3 hours before adding fresh grass ash. Sprinkle around the roots, and then cover the soil and bury it. After treatment, the root rot can be eradicated and new roots are released after 1 to 2 months. The normal functions of water absorption and fertilizer absorption by fruit trees are restored.
Application of coal waste fertilizer
According to statistics, the coal waste fertilizer contains 39.5% of water, 0.42% of nitrogen, 0.48% of phosphorus, 1.6% of potassium, 13% of volatile solids, and 24% of organic matter. It also contains other nutrients and has long-lasting fertilizer effect. In the areas where the soil is acidic, the application of coal waste fertilizer has the effect of improving soil structure, reducing soil acidity, increasing soil fertility, loosening the surface of the soil, and promoting the growth and development of fruit trees. If chemical fertilizers are mixed with coal waste, it can also reduce the leaching loss of chemical fertilizers, indirectly increase the fertilizer efficiency and enhance the absorption capacity of roots, and promote fast-growing, high-yield and stable production of fruit trees.
Orchard raising livestock and poultry
Orchards raising livestock and poultry and carrying out reasonable planting and breeding can be complementary and greatly improve the economic efficiency of the fruit farmers. Has been promoted and applied: orchards chicken, pigs, geese, turtles and so on. Taking chicken as an example, chicken manure is a good fertilizer that can increase the fertility of soil in orchards and reduce fertilizer investment. Because chickens like to eat small insects, they can prey on a large number of pests on the ground and fruit tree stems; and pests and eggs of these pests, thus greatly reducing orchard pests, reducing the amount of medication, pesticides have less chance of residue. Coupled with the rich source of food in the orchard, chickens can eat a variety of insect live food, but also can eat grass, etc., not only save the feed, but also play the role of orchard weeding, but also enhance the chicken population, reduce the incidence of disease. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the content of harmful components of pesticides and fertilizer residues in fruits and chickens.
"Pig (cattle) - marsh - fruit" ecological orchard
The production of biogas slurry and biogas residue from pig manure and fertilization of fruit trees with biogas slurry and biogas residue can greatly reduce the amount of fertilizer used, change the weight of fruit fertilizer in the past, greatly improve the quality of the fruit, and realize “Pig (Break)—Marsh - If it is a virtuous circle, build an "ecological orchard." In addition, the use of biogas slurry can also prevent fruit trees pests and diseases. If appropriate amount of biogas slurry is filtered and then clear liquid is sprayed, the control effect on spider mites is about 91%. Irrigation with biogas slurry can effectively prevent root rot of fruit trees.
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