Prevention and cure of seedling pumpkin gourd disease

I. Symptoms of "drunken melon disease" The disease is a fungal disease infested by Phytophthora capsici. It is also called epidemic disease and can harm pumpkin, watermelon, melon, gourd melon, cucumber and various kinds of eggplant vegetables. Stems, leaves, melons can be infected. The stems were infected, they were initially immersed in water, and the diseased parts were sunken, thinned, softened, and had a layer of white mold, often causing the stems and leaves above the diseased part to die. The leaves were infected. The early stage was a dark, dark-colored, water-soaked spot. Afterwards, it became soft and sagging. After drying, it became grayish brown and brittle. Guagua disease, the first diameter of about 1 cm depression immersed gray round green spots, after the rapid expansion and the emergence of mold, 2 to 3 days after the soft rot, so called "rotten melon disease." When the morbidity is serious, the fields will die and the fruits and vegetables will rot and cause devastating disasters. Second, the characteristics of the disease in various parts of Heilongjiang Province, the disease of oospores in the soil or sickness overwintering, oospore in the soil can survive more than 3 years. In the early summer, when the melon plant spreads, the bacteria in the soil first invade the base stem of the melon plant, and later spread to the leaves and melons. The sporangia produced by the disease department spread by wind, rain, and irrigation water. Incidence characteristics: First, high temperature and high humidity conditions, the average daily temperature above 16°C, 27～30°C, and above 33°C. Relative humidity more than 85% of the disease. After the heavy rain in summer, the disease became worse. In all parts of Heilongjiang Province, the average temperature in early June reached above 16°C and entered the onset. The disease was most severe in mid-August. During this period, it was also a period of concentrated rainfall. The movement of rain and rain through the splashing of pathogens accelerated the spread of the spread. The second is that the germs are multiplying quickly and causing serious harm. In the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, bacteria can be infected in 4 to 6 hours. After 2 to 3 days of breeding, it can spread throughout the field in 5 to 7 days, especially after a heavy rain. Also called "flood disease." Third, there are "central diseased plants" in the field. The first plant infested in the field of melon often occurs at one or more points, forming a "central diseased plant" that spreads around the sporangia. Using this feature, you can find the condition early and apply it in a timely manner. Third, control methods (1) site selection. The Plains District chose a slightly higher, well-drained sandy soil land. Hilly areas choose gentle slopes to drain after the rain. Do not grow in low-lying and easy-water areas. (2) Rational rotation. 4 to 5 year rotation with non-host crops such as Gramineae. (3) Selection of disease-resistant varieties, such as Dongnong Yinhui No.1. (4) Seed treatment. It is coated with special coating agent for white melon seeds or 35% coughford seed coating agent to prevent the infection of pathogens in the soil and to prevent underground pests and rodents. (5) Proper close planting. To prevent excessive density, in order to facilitate ventilation, reduce soil moisture and reduce the incidence of disease. (6) Strengthen management and improve plant resistance. Digging, weeding, top dressing, and vine spreading in time will move the melons in the furrows to the ridges. After heavy rain, it is necessary to pay attention to draining water from the fields so as to reduce soil moisture and improve the conditions for transmission of germs by water. Increase the temperature of the soil, promote the robust growth of melon plants, and increase disease resistance. (7) Control "central diseased plants" and eliminate sources of sterilization. Through multiple field investigations, early detection of "central diseased plants" was carried out, and diseased plants were removed, diseased melons were taken out of the fields, and destroyed centrally. Disinfect the soil surrounding the diseased hole with lime powder or pouring liquid to completely eliminate the source of sterilization. The work of removing the "central diseased plant" was carried out once every 3 to 5 days, and several times in a row, so that there would be no disease-free plants in the field, which could effectively control the spread of diseases in the fields. For the melon strains around the "central diseased plant," select 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder, or 64% antivirus WP wettable powder for special effects on the bacteria. The stem base, ground and melon and leaf spray are sprayed to prevent reinfection. In order to cure other diseases, all fields can spray medicine. Spraying should be performed once every 5 to 7 days, with 2 to 3 sprays. (8) Field health. After the autumn harvest, the stem vines, rotten melons are completely removed, transported out of the field, and buried under deep sterilisation.

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