Reduce egg damage in hot seasons

The problem of egg breakage has been plaguing chicken farms, affecting economic efficiency. It not only contaminates mechanical equipment and utensils, but also affects the quality and sales price of eggs. Especially in the hot season, egg breakage is more serious than other seasons, and the temperature is high. The eggs were kept for a short time. Damaged and contaminated eggs deteriorated within 2 days and could not be sold. Therefore, in hot and hot seasons, it is more important to reduce the damage rate of eggs, which can reduce the economic losses of chicken farms and increase economic efficiency. In view of the many factors that cause egg breakage during production, the author combines several years of experimental experience to introduce several methods for reducing the egg breakage rate in the hot season. Environment and temperature The physiological characteristics of chickens determine the optimal ambient temperature for laying hens is 18-23°C. Within this range, the best performance is achieved. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, the feed intake of laying hens decreases, the drinking water increases, the excrement becomes thinner, the production of eggs is reduced, the eggs become smaller and the shells become thinner, and the protein becomes thinner, producing soft shell eggs. More broken eggs. When the shepherd temperature exceeds 32°C, the egg production is obviously decreased. When it is severe, it can lead to heat stress, open mouth breathing, hunger strike, and body temperature rise and die. In order to keep laying hens high in the hot season, reducing the damage to the eggs must be controlled. 1, control the house temperature, humidity, improve eggshell hardness. High temperatures can result in decreased feed intake, reduced nutrient intake, and calcium salt deposition, resulting in decreased eggshell quality and increased wrinkled eggs. At high temperatures, ice can be placed in the house, cooled with a wet curtain or sprayed with cold water. The hardness of the shell is also related to the humidity. The higher the humidity, the lower the hardness of the eggshell and the higher the egg breakage rate. 2, install ventilation machinery. Keep the house well-ventilated and leave no dead ends. Breeding hens in the high temperature environment to enhance respiratory activity, exhaled more carbon dioxide, on the one hand lead to respiratory alkalosis; on the other hand, due to reduced CaCO3 in the blood, leading to decreased secretion of shell glands, CaCO3 deposition, eggshell can not be fully formed Therefore, the shell becomes thin and its strength decreases. In addition, the excrement should be promptly cleaned to reduce the stimulation of chickens by ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the chicken house. 3, reduce various stress and noise. Addition of multivitamins can reduce heat stress, especially vitamin C can promote the metabolism of minerals in bones and increase plasma calcium concentration. If 200-400 mg/kg vitamin C is added to layer chicken diets, the effects of heat stress can be alleviated, feed intake can be increased, and the concentration of corticosterone in the blood can be reduced, and the use of calcium in bones can be increased, so that the egg production rate can be improved. As a result, the hardness of the egg increases, and the breakage rate decreases. Improve feed nutrition Due to the decrease in feed intake of laying hens under high temperature stress conditions, decreased egg production rate, increased breakage rate, improved nutrient conditions in feed, and maintaining the body's body heat balance is very important. 1. Formulate feed formulas in strict accordance with the feeding standards of laying hens and feed them with full-priced compound feeds. The main factors affecting the quality of egg shells are calcium, phosphorus, manganese and vitamin D3. First of all, attention should be paid to the calcium content of the egg production material, which affects the eggshell thickness, strength and weight, as well as the ashes and eggshell calcium content. As the level of dietary calcium increased, the thickness, strength and weight of the eggshell increased in a curvilinear manner and increased to a maximum when the dietary calcium level reached 4.0%. Eggshell thickness, strength, and weight are sensitive indicators for assessing dietary calcium nutrition requirements in laying hens. The level of calcium in laying hens at the age of 20-40 weeks of egg production is 3.3%-4.0% (daily calcium Feeding 4.18g) is appropriate. However, taking into account the calcium requirements of laying hens, the amount of protein in the diet should also be taken into account. Because the protein produced by the decomposition of amino acids reacts with calcium to form soluble calcium salts, it increases the absorption of calcium in laying hens. Normal egg-laying diets have a protein content of 17%, increasing plant protein during the hot season and reducing the amount of animal protein. Second, we should ensure that the content of available phosphorus in feed, to grasp the appropriate ratio of calcium and phosphorus, although the eggshell contains less phosphorus (about 20 mg), but determines the elasticity and toughness of the eggshell. Phosphorus contained in feed is mainly in the form of Phytate Phosphorus, and only about 30% can be absorbed and utilized. It is usually required that the content of available phosphorus in the diet should reach about 0.4%. In addition to considering the content of available phosphorus, the appropriate ratio of calcium to phosphorus should also be taken into account when configuring the diet. Due to imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, it will affect the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. In general, the total phosphorus in laying hens is 0.6%, the available phosphorus is 0.5%, the available phosphorus in total phosphorus is 80%-90%, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is between 4:1 and 6:1. Third, add the appropriate amount of vitamin D3 and manganese. Vitamin D3 can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine and increase the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Generally, the amount of vitamin D3 is 0.1%-0.15%. Another study showed that phytase replacement of inorganic phosphorus in feed can significantly improve the eggshell quality and reduce the egg breakage rate, which may be due to the addition of phytase to reduce the dietary intake of inorganic phosphorus from the feed of fluoride, arsenic The content of cadmium, etc., and the content of these elements will exceed the standard will harm the eggshell quality. The addition of 55-60 grams of manganese per ton of chicken diet not only satisfies normal egg production requirements, but also makes the quality of the most advanced egg shells available. In addition, 0.05% zinc and 0.4% magnesium should also be added to the diet. Low manganese can reduce the proportion of egg shells, and increase the proportion of cracked eggs; while high magnesium can reduce the feed intake and increase the breakage rate. Therefore, it is necessary to add appropriate amounts of trace elements in the diet to ensure the quality of the eggs. 2. The calcium source added to the layer diet should have a certain particle size and pay attention to its solubility. The egg shells are generally deposited at dusk, and in the afternoon, the hens are individually provided with soluble powders such as rock powder, shell grains, etc. so that the supplemental calcium can be used directly during egg shell formation, thereby improving the egg shell quality. The general supplement of calcium-containing powder is 1% to 1.5% of the diet. 3, adding a certain percentage of sodium bicarbonate can significantly improve the eggshell quality. The hydrogen phosphate ions in the blood are the main source of calcium phosphate in the eggshell. According to researchers, 0.1%-1.0% different levels of sodium bicarbonate were added to the layer feed for 8 consecutive months. The results showed that the egg production rate was increased in all sodium bicarbonate groups, and the eggshell strength was increased. 8%. Feeding management 1. Prevent birds from frightening and avoid stress. Fixed work procedures: Turn on lights, feed, drinking water, excrement, brushing, and disinfection at regular intervals to prevent disrupting the "biological clock." Preventing frightening groups: The breeders must be careful in all work in the house to prevent brutal movement, avoid noise disturbances, reduce the number of chickens, reduce the fear of chickens, and increase the noon break time. 2. Summer temperatures are high and chickens drink more. It is about 5 times higher than the amount of water consumed in winter, which is about 2 times more than the amount of water consumed in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the amount of water sufficiently clean, and to eliminate water cuts. Providing sufficient drinking water is not only meeting the needs of laying eggs, but also drinking water to relieve heat stress. 3, increase the number of quail eggs. The egg production peak of chickens is within 3-4 hours after sunrise, and the afternoon egg production only accounts for 20%-30% of the total amount of the whole day. Therefore, it should be at least 2 times in the morning and at least 1 time in the afternoon to effectively reduce the number of eggs. The number of eggs. 4, to strengthen the keeper's work responsibility. Eggs should be handled with care, strictly separated and separated. It is best to use egg tray collection, packing and transportation methods to effectively prevent the damage of eggs during the transportation.

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