Colds are also classified as common colds without the use of antibiotics

[ China Pharmaceutical Network Health and Wellness ] Xu Huaihuai, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, pointed out that what we call the "cold" is both common and popular. However, many people do not distinguish between them. Even if the common cold is subconsciously coming to an antibiotic, this is actually not desirable.

(Cold is also divided into types of common cold without antibiotics. Image Source: Baidu Pictures)

There are several types of colds, which need to use antibiotics, which ones can be observed, which ones must go to the hospital, what checks to go to the hospital, how to choose cold medicine? The Tongji Hospital Respiratory Specialist explains the most common "small illness" of the cold.

How do you choose a common cold without using antibiotics?

Don't use antibiotics

Xu Huaihuai, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, pointed out that what we call “cold” is both common and popular. Ordinary cold caused by viral infection, commonly known as "cold", the onset is more urgent, seasonal is not obvious, mainly catarrhal symptoms of the nasopharynx, such as sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, can also be expressed as cough, itching . After 2-3 days, the nose becomes thicker, often accompanied by sore throat, hoarseness, and poor breathing. In severe cases, there may be fever, body muscle aches, fatigue, headache, etc. Most common colds are self-limiting. Whether taking medicine or not taking medicine, they usually heal in 5-7 days. If complications occur, the disease may be delayed.

Influenza is a Class C infectious disease, with obvious seasonality. Patients have high fever of 39 ° C ~ 40 ° C, with chills, systemic symptoms, such as headache, body muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms, Often have sore throat and dry cough, may have nasal congestion, runny nose and sternal discomfort, etc., severe cases of otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis and other complications. If there is no complication, it is self-limited and the course of disease is 3-5 days.

"The two kinds of colds are caused by viruses. In fact, the cold is a kind of upper respiratory tract infection 'syndiction' caused by viruses. More than 100 kinds of viruses may induce colds. That is, in the early stages of a cold They are all colds caused by viruses, do not need to take antibiotics, and if the patient's resistance is poor, they will also be infected with bacteria. At this time, patients need to go to the hospital for blood tests. If it is determined to be a bacterial infection, they need to be in the doctor's Use antibiotics under the guidance," said Dr. Xu Huaihuai.

Dr. Xu Jianhuai explained that the viral infection showed normal or low white blood cell count, and the proportion of lymphocytes increased, while bacterial infection had white blood cell count and neutrophil enlargement and nuclear left shift. If there are obvious symptoms such as cough and cough, it is necessary to perform chest radiography and other imaging examinations to eliminate pneumonia.

If you don't have a bacterial infection, you can heal yourself without treatment. Drink plenty of water and rest. Taking cold medicine can alleviate symptoms such as fever, headache, stuffy nose, runny nose, and body aches. There is no need to use antibiotics for colds caused by viral infections, that is, they are not effective, and may have adverse consequences due to the abuse of antibiotics.

Cold medicine can not be mixed

There are many cold medicines now, Dr. Xu Huaihuai pointed out that there are Western medicine anti-cold relieved drugs such as day and night Baifuning, Tylenol, etc., generally recommended for oral no more than 5 days; there are anti-cold virus drugs of traditional Chinese medicine, such as anti-virus Oral solution, Banlangen, Zhengchaihu granules, etc., the degree of relative relief is weak, but the safety is higher; in addition, anti-influenza drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir need to be prescribed after treatment.

Antibiotics are Western medicines, mainly anti-bacterial or atypical pathogens. They need to be prescribed by a doctor before they can be purchased or taken in large doses. They can cause dysbacteriosis and bacterial resistance. "Cefs", "penicillin", "Azithromycin" "The antibiotics must be used as directed by your doctor."

Dr. Xu Jianhuai stressed that some people will take two or three cold medicines together, which is easy to cause liver and kidney damage. "Decongestants can alleviate the symptoms of nasal congestion, sneezing, anti-histamines, antitussives, coughs, and antipyretic analgesics. The drugs that are available on the market today are these drugs. The compound preparation, so the general relief of symptoms of the drug only need to buy one, according to the instructions to take it, the composition of different cold medicine overlap, and oral administration may lead to liver and kidney damage." Dr. Xu Huaihuai said, "General It is recommended to use the anti-cold relieved symptoms at the beginning of the disease, or to use the proprietary Chinese medicine alone. If you take more than two cold medicines at the same time, be sure to confirm that there are no duplicates.

"If you only have cough, runny nose and other symptoms, do not affect normal life, you can routinely use cold medicine, such as cough and purulent sputum and other symptoms suggest that the condition is aggravated, see a doctor in time; if you have fever, you can also routinely use cold medicine, 3 If the body temperature is not retreat for 4 days, it should be treated promptly; if there are symptoms such as ear discomfort, chest pain, etc., complications may occur, and timely treatment; if it is elderly patients, there are chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and diabetes, and the basal constitution is poor. , should also see a doctor as soon as possible." Dr. Xu Huaihuai said.

In addition, Dr. Xu Huaihuai reminded that for some special people, for example, pregnant women, the elderly, infants and young children have a cold, and can not take medicine indiscriminately.

Some components of adult cold medicines will reduce children's immunity, so children under the age of two should have a cold and fever to see a doctor in time. Those who are over two years of age should take the medicine according to the dosage specified in the instructions.

Adults get 2-6 times a year, and children are 6-8 times, each time lasting 5-7 days. If the frequency of the disease is within this range, you don't have to worry if the frequency of the disease is too high, or every time. If the symptoms of a cold are not good for more than a week, it means that there is a hidden disease in the body, or you don’t have a cold at all. At this time, you have to go to the hospital for a detailed examination.

Some people will leave some cough sequelae after a cold. If it is just a dry cough and only lasts for 1-3 weeks, it is good to take some cough medicines. Don't use antibiotics indiscriminately. If it is not good for more than three weeks, it is still the same sentence— - Go to the hospital.