Winter greenhouse vegetable management control temperature is the key
In mid-to-late November, it was the busy season of greenhouse vegetable production in Shandong Province. However, recently, the province has more rain, and the atmospheric temperature outside the shed is very low. Haze and haze are also frequent, which will change the sunlight, temperature and moisture in the shed. The supply conditions affect the normal growth of vegetables. To this end, the reporter interviewed Song Yuanlin, a researcher at the Vegetable Research Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He asked him to provide detailed answers to the greenhouse temperature and vegetable water and fertilizer management after winter.
Control of temperature is the key
Song Yuanlin introduced that in order to maintain a good and steady growth of vegetables in the shed during this period, regulation and maintenance of suitable temperatures are the key, followed by water and fertilizer management.
“The greenhouse vegetable grew rapidly during this period. Many vegetable farmers ignored the internal temperature of the greenhouse in pursuit of yield.†Song Yuanlin said that after entering the winter, the temperature inside the vegetable greenhouse should not be too high and the temperature is too high, which could easily lead to various freezing damages of vegetables. . For example, the suitable growth temperature for cucumber is 30°C, and the suitable temperature for tomato is 28°C.
Recently, the province's continuous yin weather and haze days increased. Song Yuanlin introduced that if the temperature is not too low, we can unveil the straw curtain. In order to increase the ground temperature, it is necessary to cover the mulch early in winter when there are more cloudy days, which can reduce the occurrence of low-temperature freezing damage. “In winter, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be kept above 12 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is too low, warming measures can be taken.†Song Yuanlin said.
Song Yuanlin introduced that the weather in winter is fickle. In case of snowfall, it can be covered with snow and grass during daytime snowing. After the snow stopped, the snow on the shed was immediately swept away. In order to enhance insulation, the grass can be planted in the afternoon. Cover a thin film. When it is clear that the snow is clear after continuous cloudy snow weather, it should be first pulled apart or pulled a third, and at the same time observe the seedling changes, find wilting, immediately cover the grass rake, restore and then pull open.
If the vegetables are frozen, the vegetable grower can slowly increase the temperature inside the shed, and it is not possible to immediately warm up the shed to avoid necrosis of the vegetable tissue due to a sudden increase in temperature. At the same time, the frozen fruits and stems and leaves must be cut in time to avoid tissue moldy lesions.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization should be balanced
According to Song Yuanlin, water and fertilizer management in winter greenhouses depends on the nature of seedlings. At the same time, we should also pay attention to using as little nitrogen fertilizer as possible, and do not choose high-nitrogen compound fertilizers. In the short term, the growth of vegetables will be better, but the lack of long-term effects will cause the plants to prematurely decline. In addition, high nitrogen will not only make the seedlings not strong, but also May cause tomato umbilical rot and other symptoms. Fertilization should pay attention to the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The harvest time of vegetables in winter greenhouses is long and it is necessary to supplement the nutrients while harvesting. Therefore, topdressing is equally important. Fertilizers should be based on the principle of a small number of times, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Nitrogen does not exceed 5 kilograms per acre at a time. The combination of fertilizer and water achieves integration.
In addition, it is necessary to add trace elements to vegetables in a timely manner, because the demand of vegetables for calcium, magnesium, boron and other nutrients is relatively large, and biological bacterial fertilizers can be properly applied in the middle and late stages of vegetable growth. Biological bacterial fertilizer contains a variety of beneficial bacteria, with activated soil, to further increase the temperature and other effects. In combination with inorganic fertilisers, it can not only prevent the occurrence of fertilizer damage in a single fertilizer, but also add soil organic matter, enhance nutrient effect of different components, and promote root development.
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