Talking about the Essentials of High-yield Cultivation Techniques for High-quality Rape
First, the significance of planting rapeseed
1. Because of the high oil content of rape seeds, it is not only a good edible oil, but also widely used in modern industry. Therefore, planting rapeseed can effectively promote the development of modern industry. Its main uses are: First, as an additive to the rubber industry, it can improve the stability of rubber, prevent aging and deformation; Second, it is used for lubricants and corrosion inhibitors on the metal surface; Third, it is used to tanning leather and improve the toughness of leather. And softness; Fourth, for the production of varnish and spray paint raw materials; Fifth, wool textile industry for the bleaching, washing, dyeing and other chemical raw materials; Sixth, for the production of nylon silk, soap, ink and other raw materials.
2, planting rapeseed is conducive to promoting the development of the feed industry. Rapeseed cake contains high crude protein, crude fat, lecithin, and various vitamins. It is a good concentrate after heat treatment to destroy the toxicity.
3. The flowering period of oil seedlings is longer, and flower parts have nectaries, which are good honey source crops. Planting rapeseed can promote the development of apiculture.
4. Among the oil crops such as peanuts, soybeans, sunflowers, and sesame, rapeseed is the only winter oil crop that does not compete with other oil crops and is easier to arrange.
5, rapeseed cake is a high-quality fertilizer; rape, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, husks contain higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. According to the survey, the absorption of 100-150 kilograms of rapeseed per annum from the soil, and the oil cakes, together with the roots, stems, and leaves, can basically balance the soil consumption. The organic acids secreted by the rapeseed root can dissolve the insoluble phosphorus in the soil, which can greatly increase the availability of phosphorus and help improve the soil.
Second, key planting techniques
(a) species selection.
According to the cultivation habits, soil conditions and geographical location of the town, Sichuan Oil 36 selected by the Crop Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences recommended by the Jiangjin District Cereals and Oils Experts Group was selected. This breed is a three-line hybrid of the semi-winter cytoplasmic sterility of Brassica napus. The average growth period was 218-233 days, 1 day earlier than the control. Seedlings are semi-erect, uniform and branched, stems green, dark green leaves, petals large and yellow. The average plant height is 155 to 188 cm and the number of effective branches is 8. The average number of effective pods per plant was 543 with 20 pods per pod and 3.9 gram weight. Oil content 41~44%. The average production test yields about 170 kilograms per mu.
(2) Time of sowing: rapeseed - Chuanyou 36, transplanting seedlings for transplanting on September 15~20, and sowing on October 15~20 in October. The ratio of seedbed to Daejeon is 1:5. The no-tillage live broadcast should be conducted from late September to early October.
(III) Management of seedbeds During the dry weather, light dung water is poured every evening and watering and drought are maintained after emergence. Rainy weather in time to clear the ditch. Immediately after the seedlings were removed, the tufted seedlings were removed, and when the seedlings grew to three true leaves, the seedlings were seeded, and 120 to 140 seedlings were planted per square meter. When thinning, Dingmiao pay attention to stay small, get rid of impurities. After fertilization and 7 days before transplanting, fertilize the material and pay attention to the control of aphids, cabbage caterpillars, rapeseed meal, fleas, and leafhoppers.
(IV) Transplanting: When the seedling age is 30 days to 35 days, 5 leaves to 7 leaves of true leaves can be transplanted, rapeseed-Chuanyou 36, acres of planting 6 000 to 8 000, live 8 000~10 000 Strain/acre.
(five) Management after transplanting
1, check seedlings fill deficiency. After 7 days of transplantation, rapeseeds were inspected one by one, and dead seedlings or plants were found. Immediately beforehand, seedlings were planted with pre-prepared seedlings that were well-preserved; the seedlings were seeded and seedlings were seeded and the seedlings were seeded. The supplemented seedlings should be the same variety in Daejeon
2, weeding fertilizer. According to the relevant requirements of chemical weeding. Miao Fei is divided into 2 applications. The first application was made when the rape was returned to green from 7 to 10 days after transplanting. Each mus of 2.5 to 3 kg of urea or 400 to 500 kg of human fecal urine is applied to the water. The second time is applied on November 15th to 25th, and 4 to 5 kg of urea or 600 kg of human waste can be applied to the water. Wax fertilizer is applied from late December to early January. Mainly organic fertilizers, with sufficient potassium fertilizer, late seedlings appropriate increase in available nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, 700-800 kilograms of fermented pig cow manure water per mu is applied between the rows. Manure is sprayed with 100 grams to 150 grams of borax and 75 kg of water. For winter rapeseed or post-harvest deoiled rape, manure should be applied. When the rapeseed meal is 5 to 10 cm in height, about 500 kilograms of manure is applied per mu.
3. Control of pests and diseases: Rape diseases and pests mainly include sclerotinia, downy mildew, virus diseases, aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and fleas. The major impacts on rapeseed production are mainly downy mildew, sclerotinia, and rapeseed. If it is not controlled, the yield of rapeseed will be lost by 10-20% because of pests and diseases. The damage of pests and insects poses a great threat to rapeseed production.
1 rape locusts. Aphids are the main vectors of rape virus disease, and rape seedlings are most susceptible to viral diseases. Therefore, it should be treated with 10% imidacloprid 20g or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin in watering rape seedlings 30 pounds water spray; in rapeseed podning period, when 10% of the buds have locusts with 3% acetamiprid 50 ml Or 70% imidacloprid 1g water 30 kg spray control
2 rape downy mildew cotyledon incidence of green lesions. In the early stage of the onset of the true leaves, pale green patches appeared on the front of the leaves, gradually expanded into polygonal or irregular shapes, and a white mold layer grew on the corresponding back surface. Severely damaged leaves turn yellow, and even dry and fall early. Pedicel swelling after infestation does not result. Use 50% methacryloyl cream MnZn 20g or Dimethomorph 20g Water 30 kg Spray
3 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The lesions of rape leaf were round or irregular at the time of onset. The central part was gray-brown or yellow-brown, the middle part was dark blue, and the outer edge had yellow halo. The stem lesions are fusiform, slightly concave, with a white center and brown edges. In humid conditions, the lesion progressed very rapidly and white mycelium grew above. In the late growth period, the stem and marrow are eroded and the vascular bundles are easily exposed. Many black sclerotia are formed in the stem. In the main stem of the flowering strain rate of 90%, a branching flowering plant rate of about 50% when the mu with 25% carbendazim 200 grams, or 50% procymidone 40 grams of water and water 45 kg spray control.
(6) Harvesting: When the main inflorescence of all the pods, the whole plant and the whole field pods is 70% to 80% yellow, the lower pod of the main inflorescence is yellow, and the seeds should be harvested when they are inherently colored. After cutting, it is piled. When threshing, the seed will not soil, promote the full ripening of rapeseed, increase the grain weight and increase the oil content.
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