The difference between microfluidic chip and biochip
concept:
Microfluidic chip refers to the construction of a chemical or biological laboratory on a chip of several square centimeters. It can prepare, react, detect, cell culture, sort, and lyse in the chemical and biological fields involved. The basic operating unit is integrated into this small chip to perform different biological and chemical reaction processes, and through the network formed by the microchannel, the microfluid is passed through the entire system to achieve conventional chemistry or biology. The various functions of the laboratory have broad application prospects in the fields of physics, chemical and biological analysis, pathological diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
Biochips (biochips or bioarrays) integrate biochemical analysis processes on the surface of a chip based on the principle of specific interactions between biomolecules to achieve high-throughput rapid detection of DNA, RNA, peptides, proteins, and other biological components. The narrow concept of biochip refers to the fixation of biomolecules (oligonucleotides, cDNA, genomic DNA, peptides, antibodies, antigens, etc.) to silicon wafers, glass sheets (beads), plastic sheets (beads), gels by different methods. , biomolecule lattice formed on solid phase transmitters such as nylon membranes. Therefore, biochip technology is also called microarray technology.
the difference:
Domestic media often confuse microfluidic chips with biochips. In fact, Microfluidic Chips are micro-core technologies that precisely control microfluidics, while Biochips use static affinity pairing as the core technology. Also known as the Microarry Chip. From the perspective of principles, applications, and development goals, they are all labs of the chip, but they each have their own characteristics and cannot be confused with each other. They belong to different discipline systems and technical fields, and each has experienced its own unique development process.
Biochip technology developed earlier, starting in the 1980s. The initial hormone was to immobilize the oligonucleotide on the vector, and then the nucleic acid hybridization technique was used to detect the unknown sequence. Later, with the rise of the human genome project, Rapid development. At present, biochips not only contain nucleic acid chips and protein chips at the beginning of development, but have developed into a technology that is quite mature in both process and marketization. The development of microfluidic chips began in the 1990s and was first developed in the field of analytical chemistry rather than in the field of genetic engineering. It combines analytical chemistry, microelectromechanical processing, and computer science. It is mainly applied to life sciences, and realizes all the functions of the laboratory on the chip. It has broad applicability and good application prospects. The relationship between the biochip and the microfluidic chip is not mutually exclusive but complements each other and is integrated to achieve the functions of the chip lab.
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