Octopus artificial breeding technology
Octopodidae is the largest family of cephalopods, commonly known as octopuses. The octopus has smaller eye diameters on both sides of the head, and there are four pairs of wrists in front of the head and around the mouth. The length is similar or not equal. There are about 140 kinds of sea areas around the world. Most of them are shallow-sea species and there are also a few deep-sea species. Most of the wrists on the family of Braconidae have two rows of suction cups, and some types have only a single row of suction cups. Right or left third wrist. The deformation of the top of the wrist, called "end device", without a wrist. The brain is oval, smaller and has no flesh fins. The inner shell degraded, leaving only two small needles on both sides of the back and no light emitters. The female body has 1 pair of fallopian tubes. The main camp benthic life crawls on the seabed and can also be paraded in the bottom water with the help of the action of the funnel spray. There are short-term reproductive and over-winter migratory habits, feeding on lobsters, shrimp, crabs, shellfish and benthic fish. It is often a prey for sharks and sea otters. The octopus differs greatly in the number of eggs laid, ranging from a few thousand to more than 100,000 eggs. The eggs mature in batches, and are produced in batches. The resulting eggs are shaped like rice grains and are often linked together. There is a certain amount of yield in both the true sea bream in the southern coast of China and the short sea bream in the north coast. In addition to consuming octopus, octopus still has the effect of supplementing blood and replenishing qi and converging muscle growth.
I. Biological characteristics and artificial breeding
Octopus is a temperate mollusk. Adaptation to the water temperature can not be lower than 7°C, the specific gravity of seawater 1.021 is most appropriate, and the environment with low salinity will die. The bottom of the sea area is preferably a gravel zone. The water temperature can be laid at an annual temperature above 12° C., and the total length of the larvae is about 3 mm after hatching. The larvae can eat large animal plankton and grow. When the total length is up to l0-13 mm after 45 days, the sedimentation occurs. In submarine camp benthic life.
Octopus can be used cage culture (3.94mX1.82mX0.9m, mesh is smaller than the individual species, need to add a net cover to prevent octopus escape. Octopus more in the wavy quiet harbor breeding, the appropriate water temperature is 15 to 23 °C, Under normal circumstances, most of the spring and summer (June and July) and autumn (l0-12 months) farming.
Seedlings: The octopus seedlings caught by cages are the most suitable, but they can also be caught from the bottom dragging nets. The amount of seedlings released differs depending on the temperature of the water and the flow of water. Use cages 36-42 kg per cubic meter for large cages and 25-30 kg for small cages per cubic meter. In order to prevent the seedlings from killing each other, the same seedlings should be placed. The seedlings should be put into cages after satiation.
Baits: Small fish and shellfish can be placed at a low price. Frozen miscellaneous fish can also be released. However, they must be fresh. Residual baits can reduce or stop feeding for a long time. L2 is preferable, and residual baits can cause water pollution. If you stop feeding for more than 3 days, you will kill each other. The water temperature is about 13°C and the feeding behavior is irregular. The octopus below 7°C does not eat.
Survival rate; After 2 months of breeding, the survival rate of the caged fish was 70% to 80%, and the survival rate of the seedlings using fishing was about 50%. The stocks were stocked in cages and the mortality rate on the 15th reached 20% to 30%, and the mortality rate gradually decreased. After 15 days of breeding, the octopus is divided into large cages, medium cages, and small cages in three different cages. Wash cages 15 days in spring and autumn, and 30 days in winter.
Second, the method of cooling and keeping octopus
After the octopus harvest, a convenient method of transporting and keeping the octopus down can be used:
The first step is to pick the live octopus after the capture to the individual's robust, tick-damaged and out-of-spec octopus. When the selected octopus is put into clean seawater 0.5l, the octopus' own physiological activity can remove sediment, mucus, and dirt from the sucker. When it cannot be clean, you must not remove the sundries from the fish by hand or any tools. Drain the dirty water and cleanse it with clean seawater. Do not flush the octopus directly when adding water. Touch octopus with other tools. Octopus caught in the ocean can survive for some time after soaking in fresh water, but the octopus soaked in fresh water will hardly survive cooling and sleeping.
The second step is to put ice in seawater in a sanitary plastic bag so that the temperature of the seawater falls to close to 0°C. At this time, the octopus is in a dormant state. Then, the dormant octopus is placed in a plastic bag, and 20% of clean seawater with a water temperature close to 0° C. is added, filled with oxygen and sealed. The volume of oxygen occupies the same volume as seawater and octopus.
The third step is to add a sheet of ice with a thickness of 2cm in a sealed plastic bag to the bottom and sides of the incubator, place the packed octopus on top, put a piece of ice on top, cover the insulation box, and seal it with tape.
The method of temperature reduction should be 0°C. The temperature drop below 0°C will affect the survival rate of octopus and even freeze the octopus. It should be completed within 3-5 days from freezing to sales.
First, cage culture
(a) cage settings. Can be used cage culture (3.94m1.82m0.9m, mesh smaller than the individual species, need to add a net cover to prevent escape of octopus. Octopus more in the wavy quiet harbor breeding, the appropriate water temperature is 15 ~ 23 °C, generally Under the circumstances, it is mostly cultivated in spring-summer (June and July) and autumn (L0-1-2).
(b) Seedlings. The trapped octopus seedlings are most suitable, and those caught from the bottom trolling net can also be used. The amount of seedlings released differs depending on the temperature of the water and the flow of water. The use of large cages per cubic meter of rice breeding stock 36 ~ 42kg, small cages per cubic meter of stocking 25-30kg. In order to prevent the seedlings from killing each other, the same seedlings should be placed. The seedlings should be put into cages after satiation.
(c) bait. Small fish and shellfish can be placed at a low price. Frozen mutilated fish can also be released. However, they must be fresh. Residual baits can reduce or stop feeding for a long time. L ~ 2 days is better, and residual baits cause water pollution. If you stop feeding for more than 3 days, you will kill each other. The water temperature is about 13°C and the feeding behavior is irregular. The octopus below 7°C does not eat.
(d) survival rate. After 2 months of cultivation, the survival rate of the caged fish was 70% to 80%, and the survival rate of the seedlings using fishing was about 50%. The stocks were stocked in cages and the mortality rate reached 20% to 30% on the 15th, and the mortality rate gradually decreased. After 15 days of breeding, the octopus is divided into large cages, medium cages, and small cages in three different cages. Wash cages 15 days in spring and autumn, and 30 days in winter.
The cage culture method is suitable for scale farming.
Second, plastic bottle breeding
The fishermen of Xiwei Town in Fu’an City used wild young octopus, placed in 500ml bottles of drinking beverages with fine pores, sealed the bottles, hoisted them in a string, and placed them in the sea to raise them. Good effect.
The method is simple, but the octopus grows slowly and is suitable for plankton-rich marine culture.
Third, cement pool farming
Liu Mingfu, a fisherman technician at Xiwei Town in Fu’an City, used 8 cement ponds of about 20 square meters and a depth of 80 centimeters. The bottom of the pool was covered with 20 to 30 centimeters thick (50 centimeters in the center of the pond) sea mud and injected into the precipitated seawater. A total of 10 to 50g (average, about 40g) of octopus larvae that were dug up on the mudflat were released. Feeding once a day in the afternoon, the diet was live crabs (2 to 6 g, 300 birds/kg on average) taken from the beach. Indoor light between 800 ~ 1000LX. During the cultivation process, the seawater was replaced with precipitated seawater every day (100%). As long as the water changes during the hot season, the octopus does not die. After about 6 months of feeding, the individuals before catching usually reach 50 to 100 g (about 70 g on average).
The method is simple and easy, technical requirements are not high, suitable for small-scale family farming.
Fourth, fence farming
More than 10 households of fishermen in Xiwei Town of Fu’an City have bred octopuses around 3,000 square meters around the mudflats in the middle and high tide areas. The octopuses hide in the caves when exposed to the tide. However, the fence's mesh should be higher than the highest tide to prevent escape.
This method is simple and low-cost, but it has a large area for harvesting at the time of harvest.
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