How to cultivate corn? Maize selection, finishing fertilization, field management techniques
Corn has a wide area of ​​planting in China and it is the third largest food crop in the world. In recent years, due to the impact of the energy crisis, China's demand for corn has gradually increased. Mastering the high-yield cultivation techniques of corn cultivation is of great significance to the development of corn cultivation in China. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting techniques of corn.
First, strict selection
Choosing high-quality corn seeds is the key to high yield and high yield of corn. Therefore, the selection of seeds must not be taken lightly. The specific selection process should pay attention to the following aspects: First, it should be adapted to local conditions, according to the topography and soil environment of different regions. And the local precipitation and accumulated temperature conditions to choose the right corn varieties; the second is to combine the actual planting habits, the corn front crops will affect the growth of the corn to a large extent, select the appropriate corn varieties according to different pre-crop crops The third is to select seeds according to local production and management conditions, which are specifically reflected in the pest control and irrigation of corn. Drought-resistant varieties should be selected on plots without irrigation conditions. In addition, the corresponding corn varieties should be selected according to common pests and diseases in different regions.
Second, seed treatment
There are two main aspects of seed treatment: one is sun-breeding, and the corn seeds will play a certain role in sterilization after sun exposure. The sun-dried seeds absorb water quickly, the sprouting rate is high, and the seedlings are healthy and strong; the second is soaking seeds, using clear water. Soaking seeds can provide sufficient moisture for seed germination and promote seed germination. In addition to sun-breeding and soaking, the seeds need to be seeded before planting for pest control.
Third, land preparation
Although the corn roots are developed and adaptable, fertile and barren land can be planted, but creating a good soil environment will greatly promote the high quality and high yield of corn. The plant of corn is tall and the root system is developed. During the growth process, a lot of water and nutrients are extracted from the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to choose soil with loose soil and good permeability for planting. The land preparation before planting is for the growth of corn. A good growing environment can enhance soil fertility and improve soil water use efficiency. When preparing the land, you should select a land with a flat terrain. The soil layer should be deep. The surface soil is finely divided and flat, and there are no sundries. It lays a good foundation for trenching, ridges and sowing.
Fourth, reasonable close planting
Controlling the reasonable amount of corn ear per unit area is a reasonable close planting. Factors such as soil fertility and water and fertilizer conditions determine the suitable planting density of corn. Adjusting the planting density of corn can enhance the growth of corn in the whole plot, and the plant grows healthily. The high quality and high yield of corn can be guaranteed. The reasonable planting densities of different maize varieties vary, and the natural conditions and soil conditions also affect the corn planting density. For some early-maturing maize varieties, because their development period is relatively short, the plants are relatively short, so they can be properly planted, about 4,000 per acre. Plots with good rainfall conditions or good irrigation conditions can also be properly planted, but the planting density of dry plots is relatively sparse.
5. Scientific fertilization
At present, corn fertilization is usually based on past planting experience to determine the type of fertilization and the amount of fertilizer applied. It is not scientific, and blind fertilization is easy to cause fertilizer waste. The nutrient content of different soils and the amount of fertilizer required for different maize varieties vary. In order to truly achieve scientific fertilization, it is necessary to formulate a reasonable fertilization plan according to the fertilizer content of different soils and the characteristics of fertilizers of different varieties, and strive to maximize the use of fertilizer. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers tends to accelerate soil compaction and deteriorate soil quality. Therefore, it is better to apply organic fertilizer to improve the soil environment. It is best to use a combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Corn fertilization methods are mainly divided into strip application, spreading and acupoint application. Among them, the fertilization effect is the best, and the method can be applied to the part closest to the root system to promote the absorption of nutrients by the root system.
Sixth, strengthen field management
Affected by the seeds themselves and the germination environment, not all corn seeds can germinate smoothly. If improper treatment at the time of sowing will result in large-scale lack of seedlings, farmers are required to conduct regular investigations and replanting, and find that the lack of seedlings promptly gerrows and fills the water. Kind. Plowing the ground can increase the ground temperature, and at the same time it has the function of weeding and weeding, so it is necessary to plow the ground in time and plow at least twice per acre. When spraying herbicides and foliar fertilizers, it is necessary to properly mix the amount of the medicine according to the number of weeds to avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity.
Seven, pest control
Common pests of corn include corn borer, red spider, etc. Common diseases include large spot disease and sheath blight. The problem of pests and diseases of corn has been plaguing the majority of growers, and the frequency of outbreaks of pests and diseases is relatively frequent. If not controlled in time, it will often cause serious losses or even failure. The problem that growers can't correctly control when faced with pests and diseases is because there is no accurate and effective scientific theory to guide them. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, only the prevention and treatment experience, the medications are always unchanged, so that some pests have already developed resistance, and finally pests and diseases. There is no cure at all, and the loss of farmers cannot be avoided. Therefore, during the planting process, it is necessary to pay attention to the growth of the plants and take scientific and reasonable control measures.
Eight, timely harvest
If the plants in the corn field turn yellow, the grains become hard, and the color is good, the harvest can be carried out. Most of the farmers are used to delay the harvest to facilitate the drying of the grains. Because corn has a long growth period, it is suitable for late harvesting, so that the grain is fully dried and is more conducive to corn storage.
Nine, the conclusion
In general, corn's high-yield and high-efficiency planting techniques need to pay attention to the details of the planting process, and at the same time adopt scientific management methods, adapt to local conditions, maximize the use of resources, and finally master the most efficient corn planting technology.
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