Weichang County, Hebei Province, promotes water and fertilizer integration technology, artichoke watering and fertilization are not used at all.

The picture shows the agricultural technology extension personnel from all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) visiting the water-saving agricultural technology demonstration site of potato dry farming in Weichang County.

Zhang Yiwen / map

"You see, this year's growth of the artichokes is obviously better than last year. Since I used the shallow-drip irrigation technology, this season's artichoke watering and topdressing are not awkward! Not only can save water and fertilizer, but also improve Production and quality. The most important thing is that this year, there is no need to cover the mulch film. When collecting the artichokes, you don’t need to ask anyone to recycle the residual film. This water and fertilizer integration technology is very good!” Jiang Zhiwei looked at his own potato field and said happily.

Jiang Zhiwei is a large potato planter in Pailou Village, Weichang County, Hebei Province. With the help of the soil and fertilizer station in Weichang County this year, he has carried out the transformation and upgrading of drip irrigation and fertilization equipment on his 200-acre potato field.

Weichang County is one of the first potato-growing counties in Hebei Province and one of the five largest potato planting bases in China. It is also a demonstration area for potato water and fertilizer integration technology. It is currently in the flowering stage of the potato, and the blossoming white flowers are in full bloom. The author saw that there were a lot of equipment added to the potato field around Jiang Zhiwei's home: the head of the field and the fertilizing device, the large pivoting sprinkler of the center shaft, the fixed micro-sprinkler, etc. The large and small water and fertilizer integrated facilities became another in the field. A landscape.

According to Jiang Zhiwei, he has contracted 600 mu of land in his home. In the past years, he used to plant under the film drip irrigation. "I have heard of water and fertilizer integration technology before, but I can't master the specific operation methods. I have never tried to use it." He said that his potato field used to use solid fertilizer as a base fertilizer. In the soil, a layer of mulch is added to increase the ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, and improve the crop environment.

“This kind of fertilization method will cause a lot of waste.” Before planting this year, Jiang Zhiwei contacted Sun Zhanqin, the stationmaster of the soil and fertilizer station in Weichang County, to ask if there is any new technology. According to the location and water source conditions of their land plots, Sun Zhanqin recommended the integrated technology of shallow burying drip irrigation and water and fertilizer for large ridge and high soil. In order to make the contrast effect more obvious, Sun Zhanqin suggested that he try it in the first independent 200-acre plot in the first year.

"Our family's older generation of potatoes are 'wangtianshou', the weather is good for rain, and the mu production capacity is about 1500 kg. Later, we began to cover the mulch film, and the output did go up, but the topdressing became a big problem, and it will always take off. At the same time, every year when the harvest is reached, the ground is full of dilapidated mulch, not only looking at the trouble, but also having to spend a lot of money to invite people to recycle.” Jiang Zhiwei said that this year he tried the shallow burial without filming. Drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration, "Do not try to know, now it seems that the right choice, and then no longer smear the film and topdressing."

Since 2002, the former Ministry of Agriculture has set up a special project for dry farming and water conservation, and carried out demonstrations of backbone technologies such as water and fertilizer integration, drip irrigation under the membrane, sputum irrigation, rainwater replenishment, drought resistance and drought resistance, and successively in Gansu and Shaanxi. Demonstration areas have been set up in Ningxia and Hebei, focusing on the promotion and application of dry farming and water-saving agricultural technologies.

In particular, in recent years, new new technologies for collecting rainwater such as soft Dianchi have been developed, and new green models such as full recovery of residual membranes have been developed. The technology has matured and the enthusiasm of farmers to participate has been continuously improved. As a “main battle zone” for the promotion of water and fertilizer integration technology in Hebei Province, Weichang County potato has achieved good results and played a demonstration role.

According to Sun Zhanqin, the soil in the area under the dam of Weichang County is sandy, with long illumination time and strong evaporation. In recent years, Weichang County has gradually explored the integration mode of shallow burying drip irrigation water and fertilizer for potato ridge and high cultivating soil. “Because the latitude of Weichang County is relatively high, late transplanting and large ridge high-cultivation can effectively reduce the impact of insufficient accumulated temperature in the early stage.” He said that covering the soil on the drip irrigation belt can replace the mulch film and solve the problem of large evaporation of water.

Compared with the conventional drip irrigation under the film, the use of the film is reduced, and the money for purchasing film and artificial film is saved, which not only saves labor and labor, saves water and fertilizer, but also reduces "white pollution" and protects nature. The ecological environment conserves the water source of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

The implementation of the dryland water-saving agricultural project has brought about earth-shaking changes to the potato production area in Weichang County, showing significant economic benefits.

Chengde City Soil and Fertilizer Station Director Yu Baohai gave the author an account: “Promoting dry farming and water-saving agricultural technology can bring benefits to farmers in terms of increasing income and reducing investment.” It is estimated that in terms of increasing income, Large-ridge high-cultivation shallow-drip irrigation water-fertilizer integration technology, the average potato yield per mu is 3000 kg, which is 1000 kg more than the pre-reformed mu. According to the calculation of 1 yuan per kg, the income per mu can be increased by 1000 yuan. The investment in the first facility and disposable drip irrigation belt is 240 yuan, and due to the application of equipment technology, 230 yuan can be saved per acre for labor, hydropower and fertilizer.

"We can increase the income and reduce the expenses. We can see that the integrated technology of shallow burying drip irrigation and water and fertilizer in large ridge and high soil is increasing by 990 yuan per mu in the demonstration area. At present, a total of 33,300 mu of core demonstration area has been built in Weichang County. The cost increase of the festival is 32.96 million yuan, and the per capita income of farmers is 1,625 yuan. At the same time, the project demonstration area can also radiate the surrounding potato fields of nearly 100,000 mu, increasing the income by nearly 100 million yuan." Yu Baohai said.

Chengde City has taken the dry farming and water-saving agricultural technology promotion project as the starting point. Through the methods of factor aggregation and integration, technology upgrading, resource conservation and utilization, and industrial transformation and upgrading, the agricultural water use efficiency has been improved, and the total agricultural water consumption in the city has been effectively reduced. According to Bao Hai, since the implementation of the dry farming and water-saving agricultural technology promotion project in Chengde City in 2013, the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water in the project area has increased by 12%, and the annual average water saving is 170 million cubic meters.

(The author is the agronomist of the Water Conservation Agricultural Technology Division of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center)

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