Introduction of the main functions of cell membrane
The main function of the cell membrane: the cell membrane is critical to the integrity of the cell's entire structure and to the normal life of the cell. Its functions are summarized in the following aspects.
(1) The cell membrane, which is the most important function of the cell membrane. Whether it is a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell, there must be a membrane formed by a certain membrane structure, otherwise there will be no cells. The appearance of cell membranes makes life originate in the form of cells, and also ensures the normal progress of cell life activities. The appearance of cell membranes concentrates various biomacromolecules into a relatively stable microenvironment, which is beneficial to the material and energy metabolism of cells, and is also conducive to cell growth and development.
(2) The presence of a transmembrane transport membrane of a substance makes the cell a relatively independent system, but the cell is not a closed system, and the survival, growth and development of the cell depend on the exchange of substances inside and outside the cell. The membrane is selective for the transport of the material and will only behave when needed. The substance can be transported from the higher concentration side to the lower concentration side or from the lower concentration side to the higher concentration side. The former is passive transport, does not require cells to provide metabolic energy; the latter is active transport, requiring cells to provide metabolic energy. For the transport of macromolecules, the cells use endocytosis and efflux, which are transported by encapsulating the substance in the vesicles.
(3) Some proteins on the signal transduction membrane belong to signal receptor proteins. These proteins are activated in combination with extracellular signal molecules, and then the signals are transferred into the cells, and then transmitted through the signal pathway through intracellular signal transduction molecules. , ultimately producing specific biological effects. For example, certain signaling molecules can promote cell proliferation after activating receptors on the cell membrane.
(4) Intercellular junctions and communication In multicellular organisms, cells interact with each other through cell membranes. There are a variety of connections between animal cells, which are summarized as: tight junctions, anchor junctions, and gap junctions. Plant cells are primarily connected together by cell walls. Some cell connections mainly provide a structural basis for intercellular communication, such as gap junctions of animal cells, forming a pore structure between adjacent cells; intercellular filaments between plant cells, which also become intercellular substance transport and information exchange. aisle.
(5) Intercellular recognition, recognition refers to the recognition and identification of cells by homologous or heterologous cells, homologous or heterologous cells, and self or dissident molecules. Through the selective interaction of cell surface receptors with extracellular signal molecules, a series of physiological and biochemical reactions are achieved, thereby achieving signal transmission. Cell recognition is a very important part of cell development and differentiation, and cells form different types of tissues by recognition and adhesion.
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