Spring peanut film cover cultivation eight attention
The mulching film cultivation technology can be used in the production of peanuts to increase the temperature, preserve the seedlings, retain water and protect the fertilizer, so as to increase production, increase income and strive for seasonal initiative. The main problems that should be paid attention to in the cultivation of peanut mulching film are summarized below for your reference.
Pay attention to timely seeding
Spring peanuts can be raised by 3-4 °C after covering the mulch, and the temperature within 5-10 cm of the soil can reach 12-13 °C in the first 10 days of the final frosting period, and the sowing date can be about 10 days earlier. Therefore, in the winter of the first year, the planting plots are ploughed and ploughed several times after the winter, and then the soil is finely divided according to the width of the mulch film. The surface of the mulch is required to be flat and the clods are finely crushed to ensure the quality of the cover film.
The planting time can be carried out 10-12 days before the local frost period, and the northern part of Guangdong is planted in the late February of the lunar calendar. The effect of late seeding and filming is not obvious. The coverage of planting fertilizer is high, and the plant growth is strong. The planting density should be determined according to the characteristics of the variety and the soil. The specification can be 20 cm × 26 cm or 23 cm × 26 cm, 0.95-1.0 million holes per acre, two seeds per hole. Kind.
Pay attention to the film in time
Immediately after planting, the membrane is covered. From the perspective of convenient cutting and temperature increase, a white film of 0.015-0.018 mm can be selected. When the diameter exceeds 0.02 mm, the needle is difficult to penetrate into the soil. In order to save cost, a disposable white transparent ultra-thin film can also be used. When the film is covered, the film is required to be in close contact with the soil surface, leaving no gaps, and the soil is tightly pressed around the periphery.
Pay attention to the application of fertilizers and herbicides
Covering cultivation is not cultivating, no topdressing, while the ground temperature is increased, the vitality of microorganisms is enhanced, and the organic matter in the soil is decomposed rapidly. Therefore, the application amount of organic fertilizer should be increased, and 1000-1500 kg of decomposed fertile fertilizer can be mixed per mu. 50 kg of fertilizer, or 100 kg of compound fertilizer for peanuts, 1 kg of borax combined with the first application of Putian into the soil as the base fertilizer; in the late growth stage, according to the growth and development of the plant, supplemented by foliar fertilization, 0.2% urea solution can be used. Potassium spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements.
The pre-emergence herbicide can be sprayed with 50% butachlor (or 50% acetochlor) 100-150 ml or 72% dur 100 ml per acre, and the weed can be mixed with weeds. The herbicide (glyphosate, farmer, gram without trace) kills the grass. The amount of pre-emergence herbicide should not be too much, otherwise the leaves of the seedlings will grow slightly thin and yellow at the edges, the roots are weak, and the nodules are small and small, which seriously affects the growth of the plants.
Pay attention to moisture management
It is difficult for rainwater to enter the soil to replenish water after mulching. If the soil is too dry during sowing, the seeds will fall dry, the emergence will be slow, the growth will be uneven and the seedlings will be absent. However, if the water content is too high, the soil permeability will be poor. Seeds are poorly breathed and cause seedlings, rotten seeds and lack of seedlings. The proper humidity of the soil at the time of sowing is to hold the soil in a hand and to form a mass. In the growing season, if it is cloudy, it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain in time to prevent the spread of rotten roots, rotten fruit and plant diseases; when drenching, irrigation should be carried out by ditch irrigation (not flooding).
Pay attention to cutting the film in time
After the film is covered, the temperature under the film reaches up to 50 °C on sunny days. After 7-10 days after the sowing of the peanuts, it is found that when the cotyledons break through the topsoil, the seedlings should be cut in time to prevent the seedlings from burning or roasting, and the first pair of side branches are extracted. The film cutting time should be carried out before the third true leaf is unfolded after the cotyledon is broken into the topsoil. The sooner the better. The method is to use a blade to draw a small mouth at the excavation of the cotyledon, which can lead to the seedlings. If the cut is too large, the clods should be pressed around to ensure the filming effect.
Pay attention to pests and diseases
The cultivating peanut plants grow vigorously and have strong resistance to pathogens. However, due to the increase of ground temperature after mulching, the activity time of underground pests (land tigers, crickets, etc.) will be advanced, and the vigor of rhizosphere bacteria will also be enhanced. When pesticides are pests, they will hide under the membrane, which will bring certain difficulties to the prevention and control work. In the prevention and treatment, it should be considered to use methyl thiophanate for seed dressing. When planting, granule pesticides (Cai Buwei, methyl sulphate, etc.) are planted in the planting ditch; when spraying, pesticides with internal absorption, contact and stomach poisoning are selected. Or use biological pesticides for prevention and treatment.
Pay attention to timely control
The growth and development of peanut mulching cultivation plants is accelerated, and the growth of the peanuts is prone to occur in the later stage, which affects the yield. It should be timely controlled when the plants are closed 20-25 days after the initial flowering (the pearl bean type main stem leaves 12-13 pieces) . You can use b9 pesticide 800ppm or 15% paclobutrazol to control the seedlings with 50g of water and 50kg per acre.
Pay attention to harvesting and clean the residual film
Peanut can be 7-10 days ahead of maturity through plastic film mulching. If it is not harvested in time, it will cause fruit drop or germination in soil and affect the yield. It should be removed when the lower leaves fall, the upper leaves turn yellow, and the sensation movement of the leaves disappears. After the collection, the film will be recycled and treated in time to avoid affecting the growth of the crop and causing environmental pollution.
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