Palmatine is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid, soluble in water and a highly polar organic solvent (such as methanol, ethanol, etc.) so it can be extracted with methanol, ethanol or water. It is then precipitated by salting out, reducing its solubility in water, and separated from other impurities. Palmatine is an organic base. Although it has a positive charge, its affinity with water is still less than the strong affinity of NaCl, NaCl and water, which reduces the solubility of palmatine in water and causes it to be "squeezed out".
1. Process ![]()
2. Process
(1) Extraction: 20g of yellow vine powder, extracted twice with 95% EtOH, 1 hour each time, 100ml of ethanol, combined with secondary alcohol extract, concentrated to 3~4ml, transferred to 5ml small cone with pipette In the shape of the bottle, placed, crystallization, suction filtration to obtain palmatine coarse crystal.
(2) Separation: The crude palmatine crystals were dissolved in 10 ml of water and suction filtered. The insoluble matter is mainly yellow vine lactone. The filtrate was added with HCl to pH 2, and then 10% NaCl was added for salting out to precipitate a yellow insoluble matter, and filtered to obtain a crude crystal of palmatine chloride.
(3) Refining: hot-smelting palmatine chloride crystals with 70% EtOH, filtering, crystallization of the filtrate, and suction filtration to obtain purified palmatine chloride. Dry weighing - gram, measuring melting point - °C.
(4) Hydrogenation: Purified palmatine chloride was mixed with 50% methanol solution, and about 0.2 g of KBH2 was added until the methanol liquid rapidly turned from yellow to yellow or yellowish. Add HCl to PH2 dropwise and heat to decompose excess KBH4. Then add NH4OH to make the reaction solution alkaline. Immediately precipitate the scaly tetrahydropalmatine coarse crystals, extract the crystals by suction, dry under infrared light, and then use. EtOH-H2O was recrystallized to obtain purified tetrahydropalmatine. Dry weighing - g, thin layer chromatography to check the purity. Melting point - °C.
3. Palmatine in situ reduction
A homemade palmatine ethanol solution was placed on the starting line of the silica gel CMC-Na thin layer plate, and the control product was palmatine ethanol solution and tetrahydropalmatine ethanol solution. Then add 2% KBH4 methanol solution to the original point of homemade palmatine for 2~3 times, blow dry, saturated in ammonia cylinder, and then develop with CHCl2OH (3:1) to improve the color development of cesium iodide test solution. The Rm value of palmatine is about 0.4, the Rf value of tetrahydropalmatine is about 0.9, and the in situ reaction of palmatine, such as hydrogenation, should be consistent with the Rf value of the control substance hydrobammatine. If the reaction is not complete, the second occurs. Spots with Rf values ​​consistent with the control palmatine and tetrahydropalmatine, respectively.
Fourth, the detection of alkali in the yellow vine:
1. Alkaloid precipitation reaction
Take 15 ml of the acetic acid leaching solution of the yellow vine, and place it in a small test tube. Add 2 to 3 drops of the following reagents separately, observe and record the presence or absence of precipitation and color change.
(1) Potassium iodide reagent
(2) silicotungstic acid reagent
(3) picric acid reagent (sample solution needs to be adjusted to neutral)
(4) citric acid reagent
2. Thin layer chromatography
Silica gel-CMC- Na thin layer
Samples of palmatine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, tetrahydropalmatine, the mother liquor after preparation of palmatine, the mother liquor of the mother liquor after salting out, chloroform-methanol (3:1), before the unfolding of the thin layer plate first in ammonia Saturated in the tank for 5 minutes.
Color development First observe the fluorescence under fluorescent light under UV light, and then spray to improve the color of iodine and potassium. If a thin layer of neutral or basic alumina is used, the developing agent can be chloroform.
Record: Thin layer tomogram. Explain what other compounds are in each mother liquor.
5. Physical and chemical properties of the main extracted components: ![]()
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