How to deal with corn dyscrasia difficult to pollinate?
2022-09-28 10:05:27
v Recent field surveys have found that some plots of maize have small spikes, few branches, or no branching, and some panicles cannot be extracted. Rot. Failure to take preventive measures in time will lead to poor pollination, bald heads or flowering of the corn, which will seriously affect the yield.
First, the characteristics of occurrence
Maize top rot is a new type of disease that has occurred in recent years. It can develop from the seedling stage to the adult stage. The main performance of the late stage was the white wilting of the leaves under the ear, the small spikes and the few branches, or no branches, and the spikes had no pollen or pollen. The light-sensitive plants can be strong, but the ear is small and the seeds are few; serious tassels are aborted, deformed and cannot be headed, or empty stalks are formed. The disease can infect the entire growth period of corn, but it is most obvious before and after heading. The pathogenic bacteria is mainly composed of soil, diseased bodies, and seed bacteria. In particular, the seed bacteria can spread over long distances, and the disease area is continuously expanded; and the pathogenic strains produced by the diseased plants can also spread with wind and rain to re-infect. Generally in the rainy, high humidity conditions conducive to large-scale occurrence, the appropriate temperature for the disease is 25 °C ~ 30 °C. Generally, the soil is heavy, the terrain is low, the watering is too large, and the watering is early. Especially in the years of excessive rainfall, soil and air humidity are relatively large, which is conducive to the occurrence of diseases.
Second, control methods
1. Chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, we can choose the chemical control. We can use 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times. Control once every 5 to 7 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
2. Foliar fertilization. Combined with chemical control, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid foliar fertilizer, brassinolide and so on. To supplement nutrients, promote recovery, cultivate strong strains, increase resilience, and try to recover losses.
3. Cut leaves to promote the ear. For the heavier diseased plants with distorted heart and leaves that can not normally be extracted from corn spikes, scissors can be used to cut the leaves above the tassels to facilitate the normal spearheading of tassels and to bring the diseased leaves out of the field. Buried processing.
4. Artificial pollination. For lighter sites, use polling ropes to pull pollination. That is, two two-meter-long bamboo poles and a hemp rope slightly longer than the ground width are used to fasten the two ends of the rope to the top of the bamboo pole. Two people standing on the ground at both ends, while holding a rope, walking in the same direction in parallel, the height of the hemp rope should be controlled 20 to 30 centimeters below the spike, which will help spread the pollen to the ear; For severely affected plots, it is necessary to go to the nearby disease-free field to borrow powder and artificially assist pollination. One is timely powder collection. In dry weather without wind or breeze, when the dew is dry, it is usually appropriate to pick flour after 9 am to 11 pm and it can be extended to the afternoon in cloudy weather. When the powder is collected, one hand holds the plastic bucket and the other hand holds the tassel and shakes it gently to shake the pollen into the bucket. Do not use metalware as a powder collector and pollinator to avoid reducing pollen viability. The second is to choose pollination strains. Pollination should be selected fresh, not yet fertilized corn hammer, if the filament is too long, not conducive to fertilization, the filaments should be cut short, leaving only about 1.5 cm, in order to facilitate pollination; if the filaments become brown and wilt, stop growing, indicating that Fertilization does not require pollination. The third is to produce a pollinator. Use a bamboo or cardboard tube with a radius of 2 cm to 3 cm and a length of 15 cm to 20 cm. One end of the cylinder is sealed with 3 to 4 layers of gauze, or a layer of scarf, and the collected pollen is loaded into the cylinder. The fourth is pollination. Position the pollinator on the filaments on the poorly pollinated corn hammer and gently bounce it to shake the pollen into the corn silk.
First, the characteristics of occurrence
Maize top rot is a new type of disease that has occurred in recent years. It can develop from the seedling stage to the adult stage. The main performance of the late stage was the white wilting of the leaves under the ear, the small spikes and the few branches, or no branches, and the spikes had no pollen or pollen. The light-sensitive plants can be strong, but the ear is small and the seeds are few; serious tassels are aborted, deformed and cannot be headed, or empty stalks are formed. The disease can infect the entire growth period of corn, but it is most obvious before and after heading. The pathogenic bacteria is mainly composed of soil, diseased bodies, and seed bacteria. In particular, the seed bacteria can spread over long distances, and the disease area is continuously expanded; and the pathogenic strains produced by the diseased plants can also spread with wind and rain to re-infect. Generally in the rainy, high humidity conditions conducive to large-scale occurrence, the appropriate temperature for the disease is 25 °C ~ 30 °C. Generally, the soil is heavy, the terrain is low, the watering is too large, and the watering is early. Especially in the years of excessive rainfall, soil and air humidity are relatively large, which is conducive to the occurrence of diseases.
Second, control methods
1. Chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, we can choose the chemical control. We can use 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times. Control once every 5 to 7 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
2. Foliar fertilization. Combined with chemical control, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid foliar fertilizer, brassinolide and so on. To supplement nutrients, promote recovery, cultivate strong strains, increase resilience, and try to recover losses.
3. Cut leaves to promote the ear. For the heavier diseased plants with distorted heart and leaves that can not normally be extracted from corn spikes, scissors can be used to cut the leaves above the tassels to facilitate the normal spearheading of tassels and to bring the diseased leaves out of the field. Buried processing.
4. Artificial pollination. For lighter sites, use polling ropes to pull pollination. That is, two two-meter-long bamboo poles and a hemp rope slightly longer than the ground width are used to fasten the two ends of the rope to the top of the bamboo pole. Two people standing on the ground at both ends, while holding a rope, walking in the same direction in parallel, the height of the hemp rope should be controlled 20 to 30 centimeters below the spike, which will help spread the pollen to the ear; For severely affected plots, it is necessary to go to the nearby disease-free field to borrow powder and artificially assist pollination. One is timely powder collection. In dry weather without wind or breeze, when the dew is dry, it is usually appropriate to pick flour after 9 am to 11 pm and it can be extended to the afternoon in cloudy weather. When the powder is collected, one hand holds the plastic bucket and the other hand holds the tassel and shakes it gently to shake the pollen into the bucket. Do not use metalware as a powder collector and pollinator to avoid reducing pollen viability. The second is to choose pollination strains. Pollination should be selected fresh, not yet fertilized corn hammer, if the filament is too long, not conducive to fertilization, the filaments should be cut short, leaving only about 1.5 cm, in order to facilitate pollination; if the filaments become brown and wilt, stop growing, indicating that Fertilization does not require pollination. The third is to produce a pollinator. Use a bamboo or cardboard tube with a radius of 2 cm to 3 cm and a length of 15 cm to 20 cm. One end of the cylinder is sealed with 3 to 4 layers of gauze, or a layer of scarf, and the collected pollen is loaded into the cylinder. The fourth is pollination. Position the pollinator on the filaments on the poorly pollinated corn hammer and gently bounce it to shake the pollen into the corn silk.
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