Simplified cultivation techniques for summer corn

Summer corn production is just the hottest season of the year and the operation is very difficult. The so-called simplification of cultivation techniques is to fully meet the requirements of the growth and development of summer maize, adopt modern technical measures, and simplify or merge field work procedures, so as to achieve the purpose of saving labor, energy, productivity, and increasing production. The technology includes the four stages of wheat straw comminution, nitrogen fertilizer at the end, precision or semi-precision sowing, and chemical weeding. The main operating procedure is: While harvesting wheat, the straw is crushed and spread on the ground. The bottom chemical fertilizer is ploughed and leveled. The precision seeder is used to perform precision seeding. Afterwards, the seedling is no longer set, after sowing. Spray chemical herbicide on the ground. In the case of multiple cropping, the process of this technology is much less than the traditional summer corn management process, and it is very popular among farmers. First, the straw returned to the field. Straw returned to the field is the main way to cultivate fertility. On high-fertility grounds, yields of more than 500 kilograms per mu can be easily achieved even with low fertilization, and even at high fertility levels, it is difficult to reach 500 kilograms per mu. The most important factor in determining soil fertility is organic matter content, and returning straw to the field is the most effective way to cultivate fertility. Second, the end of application of nitrogen fertilizer. At the end of nitrogen fertilizer is to ensure that straw does not reduce the production of corn after returning to an important measure. The main requirement for applying fertilizer at the bottom is to spread the fertilizer evenly to the ground according to the amount of mu, and plow it down in time. The ideal fertilization tool is a wheat planter, as long as the fertilizer is loaded into the fertilization tank, the amount of fertilizer is adjusted, the seeder is suspended, and the fertilizer can be evenly spread on the ground during the progress of the seeder. The advantages of machine-based chemical fertilizers are high efficiency, fast progress, and can be applied evenly. In regions without a wheat planter, artificial manure may also be used, but it is required to strictly control the amount of fertilization and spread the fertilizer evenly. It is better to use chemical fertilizers such as urea, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate that are not volatile. If ammonium bicarbonate is used, it must be crushed before fertilizing and immediately after the application, otherwise it will cause nitrogen volatilization and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Third, the amount of precision or semi-precision sowing. Precision sowing only need to use 1 kg per acre species - 1.25 kg, than the average sowing province per mu 2 kg or more. The use of precision seeding, seeding density according to the plan to seed the corresponding number of seeds with the ability to germinate, without the need for seedlings and Dingmiao, labor may also greatly save. Precise seeding is also conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. The technical requirements for precision seeding are as follows: 1. Seeds have a high germination rate, at least 95% or more. 2, the performance of the precision seeder must be better, to ensure that the seed spacing according to the provisions of the species. 3, the land must be finely leveled, so that there is no ridges and ridges, and no waste. The ground is uneven and the depth of sowing cannot be uniform, affecting emergence. 4, the bottom of the soil must be sufficient. Insufficient or uneven bottom soil, the seed in the dry place can not emerge. Therefore, it is required that the site for fine-grained sowing should be filled with water for the first five days to seven days before the harvest. The sprinkler can also be sprayed after sowing. If the above conditions are not available, semi-precision seeding can be used. It is to reduce the distance between the precise plantings by half, double the seeding rate, and maintain a seedling with two seeds. Only remove excess seedlings when setting seedlings. Precision sowing method: 1, according to the seed germination rate to determine the amount of sowing. Calculate the seeding rate per acre according to the planned number of seedlings and seed germination rate. From the emergence to the harvest, approximately 10% to 15% of the strain was damaged. Therefore, 10%-15% of the seed amount should be added when sowing. 2, adjust the seeder. First of all, the line spacing is adjusted from 67 cm to 70 cm. Secondly, it is to adjust the sowing depth. The sowing depth of summer corn is generally set at about 5 cm. The soil is moist and can be as shallow as 3 cm to 4 cm. The bottom weir can be increased to 6 cm to 7 cm. Third, adjust the seeding rate. The seeding stand is first set up so that the walking wheel can rotate freely. Put the seeds into the sowing box, the number of which is generally not less than 1/3 of the seed box capacity, and then hang a cloth pocket on each seeding port, and rotate according to the driving speed of the seeder to calculate the rotational speed of the walking wheel per minute. After 20 to 30 rotations, the seeds in the cloth pocket of each seeding port were collected and weighed, and compared with the actual seeding rate. If it does not meet the requirements, adjust the seed hole or hole diameter until the difference between the actual seeding amount and the planned seeding amount is 2%-3%. Also check that the row spacing and sowing concentration of the planter are consistent with the requirements and uniformity. It is required that the difference between adjacent two line spacings should not exceed 2.5 cm, and the difference in sowing depth should not exceed 1.5 cm. When all the checks are in compliance with the requirements, the seeding can be officially started, and the tractor is required to stop as much as possible. Pay attention to the convergence between the two broadcasts, neither missed nor replayed. It is required to sow straight lines to ensure that mechanized operations such as cultivating, fertilizing and harvesting can be carried out smoothly. If the soil is too loose or dry, it can be repressed with a set of "v" shaped roller after the planter. Fourth, chemical weeding. The extent of grass shortage in summer corn is more severe than that of spring and set of corn. The use of chemical weeding has the advantages of good effect, labor saving, reduction of field operations, injury, and cost reduction. Chemical weeding is most often used on the ground after sowing to the seedling stage. Since the summer corn is usually planted with wheat, the corn is inoculated with wheat after harvest, and the wheat is very sensitive to atrazine, and overdose results in dead seedlings. Therefore, if atrazine alone is used, the dosage per acre must not exceed 175 g, and it must be ensured that the spray is uniform and cannot be sprayed again. The currently widely used method is that atrazine is used in combination with another herbicide. Such as Atrazine liquid glue suspension 150 grams plus 50% of grass Jingjin suspension 200 grams, watered 30 kg per mu - 50 kg. Spraying machinery should be driven at a certain speed, and no re-injection or leakage of spray should occur. The former will cause excessive use of drugs, resulting in the death of the next stubble wheat, while the latter will not achieve the purpose of weeding. The effect of chemical weeding has a great relationship with the moisture content of the soil surface. Soil wetting has a good chemical weeding effect. When the soil is dry, the chemical weeding effect decreases. Therefore, when the soil moisture is not enough, do not spray it hard after sowing. You can wait for corn to emerge, and then spray it after rain or irrigation. Chemical herbicides are generally toxic and should be standardized during the spraying process. After spraying, wash your hands, wash your face, and change clothes.

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