High-efficiency Cultivation and Management Technology of Tomato in Greenhouse in Tianjin Area
The yield and demand of tomatoes are generally very high, so most of China has tomato plants. The following is the tomato cultivation technology and water and fertilizer management in Tianjin greenhouse, aiming to provide local growers with experience and increase production!
1 Seed selection and processing
Before the tomato is planted, it is necessary to make the seed selection and the preliminary work. The first is the choice of seeds. To select seeds with high production potential and strong disease resistance, in addition to comprehensive consideration based on the actual planting environment; second, the treatment of seeds. In sunny weather, the selected seeds are exposed for 2~3d, then diluted with 50% carbendazim 500 times dilution for 30min, then washed with water, then placed in warm water for about 5h, then Soak it in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes, and finally remove it with water to germination.
2 sowing
The sowing is mainly divided into three parts: selecting the appropriate sowing date, preparing the seedbed, and managing the seedbed. Tomatoes in greenhouses are mainly to meet people's needs before and after the Spring Festival. Therefore, farmers need to combine the actual situation and plant seeds from mid-August to early September. The seedbed is usually prepared by placing the seed of the germination into the nutrient bowl. One seed is a nutrient meal, and the temperature of the seed bed is preferably maintained between 25 ° C and 28 ° C after covering the soil. The management of the seedbed, after the seedlings, should be properly ventilated and refining, usually between 25 °C and 30 °C during the day, usually between 15 °C and 20 °C during the night, until the seedlings of the tomato grow to 7-8 When the leaves are real, they can be transplanted.
3 transplanting seedlings
Before transplanting seedlings, it is first necessary to ensure that sufficient base fertilizer is applied. The growth and yield cycle of tomatoes is relatively long, and the plots need to have higher fertility. Therefore, fertilization management should be fully done before planting. Under normal circumstances, the standard of fertilization is about 1000kg per mu of farmyard manure, 100kg of compound fertilizer, 100kg of bean cake, and appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer. During the tillage of the land, micro-fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied. After the tillage is completed, the compound fertilizer is spread on the surface of the land, and finally the bean cake is concentrated and applied to the corresponding part of the cultivation hole. Secondly, reasonable planting, planting about 2,500 seedlings per acre, the width of the carp is about 1.4m, two rows per raft, and divided into large and small rows, the large rows are guaranteed to be around 90cm, the small rows are guaranteed to be around 50cm, and the plant spacing is the most It should be kept at about 45~50cm. After the planting is completed, pay attention to pouring enough water and properly loosen the soil.
4 Field management
4.1 Water and fertilizer management
Water and fertilizer management is a particularly important part of tomato growth. Therefore, the following points must be paid attention to when watering irrigation. Before the first spike period, watering irrigation should not be carried out. The seedlings ensure that the roots are tied down. When the first order fruit grows into a walnut size, the second order When the fruit grows to the size of broad bean, and the third flower bud begins to bloom, it must be irrigated at the right time. At the same time, in the process of watering irrigation, we should also pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. The cycle of applying potassium nitrate compound fertilizer is best controlled at 10~15d, and the optimal application amount per mu is kept at about 10kg. Increase the amount of application to about 20kg per acre.
4.2 Growth Management
When the first order flower blooms, it is necessary to carry out the hanging vines, and at this time, it is necessary to match the whole branch. Pruning usually uses a single-stalk pruning method to remove all the side branches of the tomato to ensure that the entire plant is able to obtain enough sunlight to better provide the absorbed nutrients to the main branches. In addition, temperature management during flowering period is also very important, the daytime temperature is most suitable between 20 °C and 30 °C, and the nighttime temperature is most suitable between 15 °C and 20 °C. To a large extent, the fruit drop phenomenon is caused by the ambient temperature during the growth process. At this stage, the ambient temperature is too high or low, lack of sufficient light, and there is no reasonable fertilization, which will cause the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruit drop. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective control measures to prevent the occurrence of tomato falling and fruit falling. Apply 2,4-D to the flower stalk. The time of prevention and treatment is generally selected before 9:00 am and after 3:00 pm, and must be noon. Avoiding high temperature time, this can effectively improve the flowering rate and fruit setting rate of tomato plants.
5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
The main pest control of greenhouse tomatoes includes stem rot, aphids and ladybugs. For stem rot, effective fertilization can be used for effective prevention. When the disease occurs, a mixture of 0.2% glucose and 0.1% potassium citrate can be sprayed to increase the potassium content. In addition, when aphid and ladybug damage occurs, it can be controlled by spraying 2500 times dilution of 50% chlorpyrifos EC or 2000% dilution of 20% chlorpyrifos.
The above is the cultivation technology of Tianjin tomato greenhouse. The local farmers and friends can learn more and improve their experience in planting work!
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