Chestnut tree pressure crown control high trimming technology
In general, in the management of chestnut cultivation, there is a work that is as important as pest control, that is, plastic trimming. Chestnut is a hi-light fruit tree. In the same year, the growth of branches and leaves is large, the budding power is low, the branching force is strong, the top of the branches is very strong, the new shoots of the top buds are vigorously growing, the crowns are formed quickly, and the canopy is easily formed. The result is concentrated in the canopy. The top, while the outer branches are dense, the inside is bare.
Therefore, in order to dwarf the chestnut crown, early results ensure that the tree body is ventilated and light-transparent. By adopting high-efficiency new trimming techniques such as happy and controlled crowns, the ideal happy-shaped tree shape can be realized, and the problem of root-shoot ratio and branch-to-border ratio imbalance can be solved. The branches and leaves are well-transparent, forming a fixed result branch group, balancing the tree potential, and achieving a stereoscopic result. That is, "cut off the sky, store the four sides, and double the output."
1 control tree height, happy to fall
The chestnut tree is too high, the crown is too large, the tree absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, and the more nutrients are transported by the transpiration force to the leaves, the more energy is consumed by the transmission, resulting in insufficient accumulation of nutrients in the tree. If the production is severely reduced, the number of flowers will be reduced, and the next year will reduce production and form a vicious circle. The large old chestnut tree is too inconvenient to operate, which brings high risk to the production of chestnut farmers. Therefore, the height of the chestnut tree is controlled and transformed into a happy shape, which can increase the yield, and the operations such as trimming and harvesting are also safe. The sooner the transformation is better, the bigger the tree, the more difficult it is to rebuild, and the greater the damage. After the transformation, the canopy can be dwarfed, and the results can be improved and the yield can be improved.
The transformation of the happy-shaped tree can not be rushed, in line with the principle of controlling the dwarf of the crown without affecting the output. Generally, it is carried out in 2 to 3 years, gradually removing the center stem, and making the head dwarf happy. Finally, the height of the crown is controlled at about 3.5 meters. When the tree is trimmed and harvested, the tree is not used, the output is high, and the production is safe.
2 Control the canopy to delay the movement of the result
2.1 to dry the crown
30 cm above the ground, visually measure the diameter of the trunk, and expand the diameter by 40 times, which is the reasonable crown diameter of the tree. When applied, according to the site conditions, the mountain should reduce the crown diameter by 20%; the flat land can increase the crown diameter by 10%. If this standard is exceeded, the crown should be controlled in time to prevent external movement, and at least 50 cm distance between the trees should be guaranteed to prevent premature stagnation.
2.2 Crown trimming
The chestnut tradition leaves the double lychee or the three lychee outwards, extending more than 25 centimeters per year. It will cause a canopy closure in 7-8 years. There is no follow-up after retraction, and the yield is decreasing year by year. The new method of controlling crown pruning is to leave the double lychee with a good result. The result is a short branch (remaining 3 to 4 cm) and a fruiting branch is reserved for the next year. This method has changed the traditional method of pre-staying, staying weak and staying strong, and going to the moderate branch to remove the strong branches, avoiding the disadvantages of rapid crown extension, intrinsic baldness, outward displacement of the result, and low yield per unit area. . The new method trims the branches only by 3 cm outwards, and does not exceed 30 cm in 10 years. It also forms a fixed branch group with stable yield and follow-up branches, which can be updated at any time.
2.3 Rotation update
2.3.1 During the fruiting period, the chestnut trees should be updated in time. Keep the resulting mother branches growing robustly. The inter-layer branch group should be short-legged and erect, and retain the results of the moderate-streaked meso-branch; the annual branch should be short-cut and strong, retaining the results of the mediocrity; the two-year branch group should be short according to the distribution and quality of the branch group. Cut or strip. Generally, the short-cut apex is a large shading group, which retains the Zhongyong branch group. For the three- or four-year-old branches, the perennial and inter-layer perennial branches should be retracted at any time, so that the chestnut canopy can be kept up and down, and the internal and external results are good tree structure.
2.3.2 The large trees in the late stage of the fruit gradually showed aging after a large number of results in successive years. The sign of aging of chestnut trees: guilty emptiness, dry branches, weak and not full of coke shoots, severely extendable to 5 to 6 years old parts; peripheral branches drooping, growth is small, it is difficult to produce strong results The apex of the backbone also showed thin branches, focal lengths and even dead branches. Most of the inner lychee group died, and the back of the backbone branches were bare. A large number of long branches were sprouted below the focal point, and natural regeneration occurred. The yield decreased greatly. The ability to continue to decline, should be updated in time.
2.3.3 Weak branches have weak growth, and most of them have become incense sticks or chicken feet, which lose their cultivation value. The aging tree is updated according to the age of the tree, the tree potential and the soil conditions, and is generally retracted to the 3 to 5 year old branches. The soil is thin, the age of the tree is large, and it can be appropriately retracted, and the reaction is light and retracted. Branches are best retracted at the branches, and no branches are retracted at the nodes. The results of the updated branches in the current year indicate that the update is moderate; the growth of the branches is too long, indicating that the update is heavier; after the update, the new shoots are not grown, indicating that the update is too light.
3 retain the right amount of robust results
3.1 Determine the amount of retention
Chestnut traditional pruning, 1 square meter projection area to leave 8 to 12 mother branches, leaving too many branches, causing depression, poor light, small chestnut fruit, serious yield reduction, low efficiency, the next year's results weak. The projected area of ​​1 square meter retains 5 to 6 fruiting branches, and the 5 to 6 preparative branches are the most reasonable. The result is 3,500 to 4, 000 of the mother branches per mu, which can guarantee the output of chestnut fruit of 1 square meter of projected area exceeding 0.5 kg. The output per mu is 350-400 kg. It can reduce 50% of chestnut male flowers, reduce 50% of invalid branches, concentrate more nutritious chestnuts, and ensure more robust fruiting branches in the next year.
3.2 Resulting mother spacing
As a result, the distance between the mother branches is 45 cm, and the distance between the branches is at least 34 cm (one foot). Try to spread evenly when trimming.
3.3 Results of the mother branch selection method
Choosing the right result of the mother branch is the basis for ensuring the high yield of chestnuts. The main factor causing the phenomenon of large and small years and severely reducing production is that the mother branches are mistakenly selected during pruning, which will also cause serious displacement of the result. Therefore, it is best to use the branch without the fruit as the result of the mother branch. The fruit branch without the fruit table has strong ability and the result is good. It is the branch that is mainly retained. The length of the tail branch (precursor tip) with a fruit stand of 6 cm or more can also be used as the result of the female branch. If the female branch or the tail branch of the fruit platform is 6 cm or less in length, it will be infertile in the next year.
4 Prevent the chestnut from closing
After the fruiting period, most of the orchards showed a single plant closure or a full-closed canopy. The ventilation and light transmission conditions were extremely poor, which made the whole orchard difficult to operate, the yield decreased, the chestnut fruit became smaller, the quality decreased, and the result was moved outward. shift.
Chestnut happy, control crown, high-efficiency pruning, in addition to controlling the closure of the plant, but also to ensure that the individual plant itself does not close, and should prevent the whole park from being closed. The crown spacing of the plant and the plant should be at least 50 cm. After the chestnut tree grows for eight years, when the canopy is difficult to control, according to the size of the tree, the variety, the level of water and fertilizer management and the natural conditions, the whole park is prevented from being closed, and the permanent and temporary plants are determined early, and permanent and temporary. Temporary plants are based on the principle of assisting the growth of permanent plants and filling the remaining space of permanent plants. They can be left in place and cannot be kept in thinning. The land should be fully utilized to improve the yield during the transformation process. In the case of thinning, the first plant is transplanted (thinned) and the rear is transplanted (thinned). After transplantation, the permanent plant shoots are pulled with wire to replenish the voids. Finally, about 40 plants were retained per mu. In production, according to the degree of canopy, tree age, tree potential, canopy size and density, etc., we must consider the number of sparse branches and the amount of thinning. We must master a certain degree and maintain a reasonable amount.
The above is all the key points of the chestnut control crown control high pruning technology, you can visit the Hui Nong network for reference. If there are other supplements, please leave a message below!
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