May how rice cultivation and management?

May is a key period for rice planting. At this time, rice transplanting is in the transplanting stage. Rice farmers need to do timely transplanting work to promote rice greening, quantitative fertilization, and water and fertilizer work. The following small series will talk about the cultivation and management of rice in May.

Technical points

Hungry and thirsty seedlings: 3~4 days before transplanting, under the premise of not letting the seedlings wilting, further reduce the soil moisture of the bed, make the seedlings strong, and make the seedlings in a “hunger and thirst state”, so that the roots are good and the greening is quick after transplanting. Early in the day.

The application of marrying fertilizer: "send the marrying fertilizer" is also called "getting up the fat", which is the last seedbed fertilization of the seedlings near the transplanting. The purpose of this fertilization is to enable the seedlings to be quickly supplied with nutrients and promote greening. One day before transplanting, 150 g (3 m) of diammonium phosphate was applied per square meter of seedbed, and a small amount of water was sprayed to make the fertilizer adhere to the bed soil.

Applying the grafting drug: 1 day before transplanting, spray 10% imidacloprid 3~5 ml 1000 times solution on the leaves of the seedlings every 100 square meters to prevent the damage of the late leaf miner in the field.

Seedling diagnosis

Strong seedlings: look at the roots, more roots, less root hair, more white and yellow roots, no black, gray roots; see stems and leaves, stem base wide and flat, leaf sheath height is moderate (1 leaf sheath height within 3 cm), the spacing of each leaf ear is symmetrical ( 1 cm or so), the plant height seedlings are 13 cm or less, the seedlings are 17 cm or less, the third seedlings of the middle seedlings are 8 cm or less, and the 4th leaf of the seedlings is 11 cm or less. The leaves are straight and the leaves are not bent. The tips of the leaves are flush, and the height of one leaf is consistent.

Rotten saplings: rotten seeds and rotten buds before sowing to 1 leaf are all rotten. The rotten seeds are rotted, the chaff is dark brown; the rotten buds are not root rot, not rooted, rooted, rooted black, dead. Rotten seeds are mainly caused by weak buds, high germination temperature or too deep overburden. Rotten buds are caused by low temperature, water, lack of oxygen, application of unfertilized organic fertilizer, and invasion of germs. When rotten sputum has occurred, every 100 square meters with 97% carbendazim WP 100~150g water 150~200 kg watering seedbed, or 30% Ruimiao emulsifiable milk 200~250ml water 150~200 kg watering seedbed.

Yellow dry seedlings: leaves, leaf sheaths are shorter than normal seedlings, leaves from bottom to top, with leaf tips gradually dying to the base; the roots are grayish white, like hot water, with hand-extracted seedlings, stem base easily separated from underground seeds . The cause of the disease, the seedling 1 leaf 1 heart to the 3 leaf stage, in the case of continuous low temperature below 10 ° C, suddenly transferred to the high temperature above 35 ° C, prone to yellow blight seedling disease. The prevention and treatment method is to pour an acid water of about pH 4.5 in 1 leaf 1 heart and 2 leaf 1 heart period, and use 97% carbendazim WP 100-150 g water to 150~200 kg watering seed bed per 100 square meters. , or 30% Ruimiao clear milk 200~250ml watering 150~200kg watering seedbed.

Bacterial wilt: The seedlings are green-green needle-like from the heart leaf, and then the whole plant leaves are tightly curled and curled up. The initial dark green color, followed by wilting and death, the root epidermis is easy to fall off, and the root hair is very small. The cause of the disease, in the 2~3 leaf stage, suddenly turned fine when the weather was cold, the temperature difference was too large, and the seedlings lost water, which led to the occurrence of bacterial wilt. Prevention and treatment methods, in addition to early training and strengthening of shed temperature management, drug control methods can refer to the method of application to control yellow blight. When the disease is serious, it can be transplanted early, change the growth environment, and promote the recovery of the seedlings.

Shrinking seedlings: shorter than normal plants, showing patches, clusters, few leaves, weak roots, yellow seedlings, and even withered dead seedlings. The reason is that the germination is not uniform, the seedbed is uneven, the fertilization is uneven, the seeding is uneven, and the moisture in the seedbed is inconsistent.

White bud disease: The buds are not flooded after sowing. The city is under-oxygen, the elongation of the bud sheath is accelerated, the chlorophyll is not formed, and it becomes a white bud. When the development of the radicle is blocked, a malformed bud with no roots is formed. When this happens, uncover the covered film drying bed, reduce the humidity inside the bed, and direct sunlight to the bed surface to accelerate the evaporation of the bed surface water, and promote the development of white bud greening and roots. As for the white buds caused by covering the soil, as long as the humidity is not too large, it can be turned green without any treatment.

Albino seedlings: Albino seedlings are sporadic, whitening occurs when leaves are born, or some leaves are elongated and white, and all white seedlings are mostly dead in the three-leaf stage; some leaves are yellow to white. Often starting from the tip of the blade, at this time, if irrigation, fertilization, etc., or the weather turns warm, the growth can be resumed.

The causes of albino seedlings: the first one is a physiological hereditary disease; the second is caused by the low temperature damage of the seedlings, causing the decomposition of chlorophyll. The technical measures for prevention and control of albino seedlings belong to hereditary albino seedlings, which are generally rare and difficult to control after emergence. For whitening seedlings caused by low temperature chilling, one is to irrigate the seedlings; the other is to increase the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to enhance the ability of the seedlings to resist low temperature.

Long seedlings: Generally, the yellow leaves begin to spread from the tip of the old leaves, and then spread from the base leaves to the upper leaves until the leaves of the whole plant are light, the lower leaves are yellow; the leaves are narrow and short, erect, the plants are short and thin, and the leaves are Slow, slow roots and more yellow roots. Denitrification phenomenon generally occurs after 2.5 Leaves from the weaning period, when the symptoms, with 2 g of urea, 1.5 to 0.25 grams of zinc sulphate in water of 100 grams per square meter, spraying, top dressing or in combination with water.

Phytotoxic seedlings: water in the seedbed, improper application of herbicides, temperature is too low or too high. Rice seedlings vulnerable to injury, the performance of plant height, deformity, some leaves wilting, bleaching stem, leaf normally can not be extracted, the stem base swelling agent to form a ring junction, birth stubby secondary roots. In severe cases, the base of the stem is rotted and the whole plant is dead.

Fertilizers: Former Marine to target the basic fertilizer spread on the soil Young mattress, to try to spread evenly, when the target will be Hunban fertilizer in the topsoil.

Determining the amount of the basal: pure calculation, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus all, 80% of all potash fertilizer as basal amount blended together.

Determination of the total amount of fertilizer applied (simplified amount):

â‘  general area:

Target production: 650 kg / mu, nitrogen 8 ~ 9 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3 ~ 3 kg, potassium oxide 5 ~ 7 kg;

Target production: 500 kg/mu, nitrogen 7-8 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2~2.5 kg, potassium oxide 3.5~5 kg

Target production: 400 kg/mu, nitrogen 6~7.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2~2.3 kg, potassium oxide 3~4 kg

2 saline-alkali areas:

Target production: 650 kg / mu, nitrogen 9.0 ~ 11 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3.5 ~ 4 kg, potassium sulfate 3.5 ~ 4.5 kg

Target production: 500 kg/mu, nitrogen 8.5~9.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3~4 kg, potassium sulfate 3.5~4.5 kg

Target production: 400 kg / mu, nitrogen 8 ~ 9 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.5 ~ 3 kg, potassium sulfate 3 ~ 4 kg.

Farmers using soil testing and formula fertilization technology can directly go to the local fertilizer service station to configure the “plant nutrition package” for base fertilizer, top dressing and foliar fertilizer, scientifically determine the application quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and potassium to achieve precise fertilization and avoid Fertilizer waste, saving money.

Soaking field: After ploughing or rotary tilling, the pond is smashed, and the water can be soaked in the field. The depth of the paddy field should be more than 2/3 of the height of the soil.

Water target site: The water target site should be started after 3~5 days of water release, and completed 6~7 days before transplanting. The paddy field tractor is used to hang different soil preparation machinery.

Working standard: the mud level in the same pool is not too close, the inch (about 3 cm) water does not leak muddy surface, the surface has 5~7 cm deep mud, the upper paste is loose, the mud is moderate, and there is water and gas. Do the fine and smooth, do not run the water, do not show the mud, dry, as straight as the line, the ground is like a mirror.

Plugging state: After the mud is settled, use a finger to cut the ditch, and it can be closed slowly between 50~60 seconds, which is suitable for the transplanting. Less than 50 seconds is too thin, insufficient time for slurrying; more than 60 seconds is too much. For newly opened paddy fields and difficult to settle plots, early water targets should be used to extend the time of slurrying.

After mechanically inserting the water, it takes a certain period of time to achieve a certain hardness. If the soil is too soft and soft, the soil can not be closed in time, easy to float, or the seedlings are unstable, causing the transplanting machine to squeeze the adjacent seedlings, causing the seedlings to sink, affecting the slow seedlings and tillers. However, when the pulp is too long, the soil hardness is high, which will increase the mechanical resistance and easily cause injury. Generally, the time of pulping: the clay needs to be more than 10 days, the ground and clay loam need more than 7 days, the sandy loam soil is 2~3 days, and the sand can reach the transplanting state in about half a day.

Closing weeding before insertion: grave land and machine plots, after the end of the leeches, when the mud is settled, use 25% of oxaloin (Nongsi) 2000g per hectare, or 50% Shakespeare Phosphine (Arozin) 600 ~ 750 ml of toxic soil method (with fine soil or fine sand 200 ~ 300 kg) applied, evenly spread in the soil. After application, it is not allowed to drain or string water. It must be kept for 3~3 cm in water for 2~3 days to form a soil surface layer to stabilize the herbicidal effect.

Timely transplanting: the local average daily temperature is stable through 12 ° C, the ground temperature reaches 14 ° C, the seedling age is 20 to 25 days (leaf leaf age 2.1 ~ 2.5 leaves), the middle nursery age is 30 to 35 days (leaf 3.1 ~ 3.5 leaves), The seedlings age 35~40 days (leaf age 4.1~4.5 leaves) began to transplant, the I and II accumulated temperature bands began to transplant in early May, and the transplanting ends before May 25; III, IV, V accumulated temperature bands began to insert in the upper sentence in May, 5 End of the month. Early transplanting in the early stage is conducive to increasing effective tillering and laying a foundation for high yield of rice. Pay attention to the low temperature in the cold and the spring, and the seedlings will not go down.

The principle of transplanting density: according to the characteristics of the variety, the soil fertility, the quality of the seedlings, the thinning of the general tillering force, the weak insertion, the thinning of the growth period, the short insertion, the plant convergence The dense insertion, on the contrary, the thin insertion; the soil fertility is high, the fertility is low-density insertion; the strong seedlings are thinly inserted, the weak and weak seedlings are densely inserted; the early insertion of the scorpion is thinly inserted, and the late insertion is inserted.

Inserting specifications: mechanical insertion, manual insertion, machine insertion specification 9 inch (line spacing) × 3 inch (pitch), 9×4, 9×5; manual insertion of seedling size 9×3, 9×4, large seedling size 9 ×4, 9×5; the size of the seedlings in the carcass is 9×4, 9×5, 4 inches, and the size of the seedlings is 9×6, 5 to 6 inches. The number of basic seedlings per hole is 3~4, and the maximum number of holes per hole is not more than 4, and more than 4 strains are out of the sandwich seedlings. The shadow affects the development of the plant. If you want to increase the density, you should follow the principle of “increasing the hole and not increasing the plant”. The thrown field density can be larger than the conventional density. Narrow lines are wide (12 + 6) × 6 ~ 4-5 seedlings, that is, 12 inches wide, 6 inches narrow, 5 to 6 inches.

Quality of transplanting: When transplanting, keep the surface of the flower in a state of water. Manually transplanting, according to the exact specifications of the line spacing, the straight line is inserted, and the insertion depth is 2~2.5 cm. In the case of shallow insertion, the seedlings are erect and not floating; the sports seedlings are planted, so that The plane on the block soil can be level with the mud surface. Shallow transplanting, high soil temperature, good ventilation, nutrient foot, is conducive to promoting rooting, greening, and points; when the transplanting is too deep, the underground section is elongated, forming a two-segment root or a three-segment root, which is slow to return to green and slow in tillering. Mechanical transplanting, inserting deep into 2-2.5 cm is good, do not bury, do not float, no holes, do not insert overnight, nest, pay attention to "four plug", "four no plug", timely transplant Check the field to make up the seedlings. The body is thrown, the water is not watered the day before the sputum, so as not to stick to the block. When throwing the raft, press the planned number of holes, first throw 2/3, use another 1/3 fill to find the uniform, throw the cockroach into the air 1.5 ~ 2 meters high., so that the block is directly scattered in the field, into the mud 2 ~ 2.5 cm, throwing in the wind, connected to the height of the throwing according to the soil conditions, to avoid too deep or too shallow. After the throwing, every 4~5 meters pull line is found, and the seedlings within 30 cm on both sides are picked up to make up the dilute place. After throwing for 1 day, the new roots of the seedlings are sent into the mud, and the shallow water is supported. It is not easy to throw in the wind and rain. Farmers with conditions should take the action of transplanting the seedlings of the sports seedlings: the north-south direction of Heilongjiang Province is better, because the winds in the Heilongjiang rice growing period to the north-south direction are more favorable, and the north-south direction is beneficial to avoid wind and fall. In the rice growing period of our county, the southeast wind is often blown, and it is inserted in the direction of sunrise and sunset.

Nursery water: After inserting the transplanted seedlings, it is necessary to make up the nursery water in time (except for throwing). The water layer is 2/3 of the height of the seedlings, and the leaf is not submerged, to prevent the water shortage and the seedlings from wilting, or to flood the seedlings. The seedling water has the dual function of supporting seedlings and preventing frost damage.

The standard of greening of seedlings: After transplanting, 50% of the leaves of the plants are unfolded at noon on sunny days, or 50% of the leaves of the seedlings are sprinkled with water in the morning, or 50% of the plants have new roots, which is the greening of the seedlings. Generally, about half of the leaf age after transplanting (the leaf grows from the time of growth to the age of one leaf), that is, 3 to 4 days, the strong seedlings turn green quickly, and the weak seedlings turn green slowly; the transplanting stalks turn green quickly, and the transplants are deep and green. Slow; the temperature is high and the green is fast, the temperature is low and the green is slow. In the case of continuous low temperature, sometimes the greening may be delayed for about 10 days.

Tillering period: The time when the main stem of rice is divided into joints is called the tillering stage. Generally, after 5~7 days after transplanting, the new leaves (the leaves that grow after the transplanting) appear tillering and enter the tillering period (time is about the end of May and early June). As with the time of returning to green, the time for rice to enter the tillering period may also be delayed for the same reason. A cluster of rice that is densely rooted at the base of the rice can be called a tiller. Each branching section has a axillary bud called a branching bud, which can develop components if the conditions are appropriate. In the process of breeding, due to the excessive density of the field, the base is 1~4 knots.

Axillary buds are often dormant, no bifurcation occurs, only long leaves and roots, called roots. Therefore, the branching occurs mostly in 5-7 knots. Under reasonable and close planting conditions, it is an important technical measure to increase rice yield by obtaining a large number of effective tillers for early development of low locusts.

Divided water: After the rice returns to the tillering stage, the depth of the field should be kept at about 3 cm to increase and maintain the mud temperature, reduce the temperature difference between day and night, and promote tillering. The irrigation time is better in the morning. If there is any dryness, refill the water the next morning and try not to fill the water during the day.

Chasing and promoting cockroach fertilizer: Applying cockroach fertilizer to play the dual role of increasing sputum and increasing flower, and timely application, in order to obtain the best effect. Practice has proved that the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency response of rice is 1~2 leaves after fertilization, and the nitrogen requirement in the effective tillering stage enters a peak. Taking 12-leaf rice as an example, 6 leaves are the Shengye leaf position (around June 15), so Fertilizer should be fertilized when the 4th leaf is unfolded (about 5~8 days after transplanting). By analogy, the leaf position of 11 leaf rice is 5 leaves (around June 15), and should be applied as soon as possible after transplanting; the leaf position of 13 leaves of rice is 7 leaves (around June 20), should be 5 leaves when 9 about 10 days after transplanting)). The amount of arsenic fertilizer is 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, which is 3~3.5 kg per mu of pure nitrogen. When fertilizing, you can first apply 80% of the dosage, and after 5 to 7 days, use another 20% fertilizer to find zero for the weaker seedlings. Do not drain within 4~5 days after top dressing to avoid loss of fertilizer.

Divided indigo (black): refers to the color of rice in the effective tillering stage should be all the way. The color of rice in the growth stage of Honda should undergo the rhythm changes of “two blacks” and “two yellows”, that is, the greening to tillering stage, jointing to heading stage, and the occurrence of “black” tillering stage (before and after jointing) and before and after heading. The rhythm change of "Yellow Black" and "Two Yellow" is the surface of normal growth and high yield of rice. Black appears in the growth stage of sorghum, stem and ear, which is conducive to the growth of these new organs; Appearance before and after the ear development is conducive to the production and accumulation of carbohydrates. The branching cyan (black) appeared in the late stage of June after the pursuit of sputum rejuvenation, and the leaf color of the rice group remained black and green, which is the common effect of the base fertilizer and the stimulating fertilizer, and after the Shengyu period, it mainly reflected the effect of the base fertilizer. .

Weeding after insertion and insertion: weeding after insertion should maintain a combination of chemical weeding and manual weeding. Post-insertion weeding is mainly based on drug blocking, and stem and leaf elimination is supplemented. Closed weeding 5~7 days after transplanting, 50% to 60ml per acre plus 10% pyrazosulfuron (or 30% bensulfuron-methyl) wettable powder 10~15g mixed with poison Apply the soil, keep the water layer 3~5 cm deep for 5~7 days after application. Manual weeding, one is to eliminate weed seeds, sieving and water selection during seed selection, and removing grass seeds; applying farmyard manure should fully ferment and decompose, so that grass seeds lose their ability to germinate. The second is ploughing or rotary tillage in autumn, after winter and wind and sun drying, eliminate weeds and wintering rhizomes. The third is to clean the grass seed roots floating on the water after the spring in the field. The fourth is to timely clean up the pool and weeds in the field. The fifth is to carry out artificial weeding and mechanical weeding. In the autumn, before the ripening of the ear and the grass seeds, the seeds are cut off in time to reduce the amount of grass seeds in the field.

Large slow seedlings: After the rice transplanting, the phenomenon of delaying the greening is called the big slow seedling. This is one of the most critical factors affecting the early onset of tillering. The main reason for the occurrence of large slow seedlings is that the spring is cold for a long time, the quality of the seedlings is poor, the transplanting is too deep, and the water is not rehydrated after the insertion. The wind, the sun, the irrigation is too deep, the latent leaf fly is harmful, the salt and alkali salt is too high, and the grass is closed. The selection and use of the drug variety causes phytotoxicity.

May is destined to be a very busy season for rice farmers, so rice farmers need to do a good job in management to promote healthy growth of rice and promote high yield and stability.

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