Causes, judgment methods, hazards and prevention strategies of algae in water
In the process of breeding aquatic products, farmers will plant some algae in the pond, which can provide habitat for aquatic products and purify water. However, due to the rapid death of algae, it will directly cause a sudden change in water quality, causing the occurrence of floating head, poisoning or flooding, which is very unfavorable for the long-term production of water. Therefore, today Xiaobian talks about the causes, judgment methods, hazards and prevention measures of algae in water.
1. Method for judging the aging of water algae
1. Algae microscopic observation
Take a drop of water on the glass slide, and then observe it in the optical microscope 10 times × 10 times magnification, the cytochrome subsides, the water quality is turbid; the algae activity decreases or stops, the cell wall becomes thicker, the color becomes darker; the algae species in the water are compared Less, the proportion of high-quality algae is small, indicating that the algae in the aquaculture water has aged.
2. Chemical index measurement method
The dissolved oxygen and pH values ​​of the surface water are measured by a water quality test box, which are measured at 6:00 to 8:00 in the sunny day and 4 to 6 in the afternoon, respectively. If the dissolved oxygen in the afternoon is 4 mg/L or more higher than the dawn, the pH value is Above 0.5, it indicates that the algae is more vigorous; on the contrary, less than this value indicates that the algae has aged.
3, water color judgment analysis
The aging water of algae is mostly persistent brown, green, brown or yellow; the water quality is turbid, and a layer of dark brown oily algae film often floats on the downwind surface.
Second, the specific reasons for algae aging
1. Lack of fertilizer or imbalance
Affected water body is affected by the surrounding soil and sediment state, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is uneven. It often causes the relative lack of some trace elements in the water, which in turn affects the growth and reproduction of algae and gradually ages.
2. Algae single ecological disorder
If the aquaculture water body does not add new water for a long time, the remaining algae in the pool is of poor quality, and its self-propagation, eventually hindering reproduction or aging.
3, the weather abnormally forms stress
The weather is continuous and rainy, and the light is insufficient, which leads to weak photosynthesis of algae, decreased light efficiency, and aging of algae.
4, human management method mistakes
The cultivators spray toxic agents into the water body, and the dose is too large, thus forming medicinal residues, causing the algae to age rapidly.
Third, the main hazards of algae aging
1. The pollutants in the water gradually increase
After aging of algae, the efficiency of photosynthesis decreased significantly, causing long-term sub-hypoxia in water bodies, and the reproduction of probiotics was hindered, eventually leading to aggravation of comprehensive pollution indicators.
2. The toxic substances in the water gradually rise.
After the algae ages, the utilization rate of various fertilizers is reduced, and ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide or nitrite in the water will gradually increase, and the damage will increase significantly.
3, harmful algae take advantage of virtual expansion
In the case of aging of water algae, the water environment will become poor, and harmful algae will quickly suppress the breeding and growth of beneficial algae and become the dominant species in the waters, increasing the difficulty of breeding.
4, probiotics withered harmful bacteria prosperous
After the algae ages, the water quality becomes worse, and the water body becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. The content of harmful bacteria such as Vibrio in water is obviously increased, which affects the long-term production of water.
5. Aquatic animals are in a sub-health state
When the algae in the water ages, the water quality will gradually deteriorate, which leads to a decrease in food intake of aquatic animals, poor digestion and absorption, weakening of body constitution, and reduced vitality, which poses a safety hazard to aquaculture.
Fourth, algae aging prevention measures
1. Regularly add new water
Add new water from 10cm to 15cm every 15 days to 20 days, introduce new algae and activate old algae to make the water quality of the culture reach the level of “fat, live, tender and coolâ€.
2. Maintain ecological balance
According to the breeding conditions, a reasonable stocking mode is determined, and at the same time, the water quality should be scientifically managed to achieve the dynamic balance of the algal, insect and fungi phases.
3, scientific start oxygenation
The aquaculture process should be scientifically used as an aerator, and it should be “three open and two open†to break the stratification of water bodies, prevent water quality damage caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen, and prevent the occurrence of algae aging.
4, strengthen the buffer capacity
Sprinkle quicklime 3kg/mu•m~5kg/mu•m or baking soda 300g/mu•m～500g/mu•m every 20 days~25 days to enhance the buffer capacity of the water body.
Five, algae aging treatment methods
1, anti-stress
Algae aging caused by sudden changes in weather or water quality conversion can be carried out by spraying anti-stress drugs, such as glucose powder 500g/mu•m or 5% vitamin C sodium powder 250g/mu• rice water evenly spilled.
2, fertilizer source
After aging, the algae should be consulted to record the fertilization record to detect the effective content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water, and accurately fill the fertilizer; the pond with high pH value can splash potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500g/mu•m; ammonia nitrogen in water (greater than 0.8mg/ L) or nitrite (greater than 0.09mg / L) is high, easy to lack iron or silicon, can be sprayed ferrous sulfate 150g / a • • m, sodium silicate sodium 200g / a • • m.
3. Algae species
After the water quality is aging, some old water is drained, river water or high-quality fertilizer water is added, new natural high-quality algae species are introduced, and algae species can also be sprinkled, such as sprinkling chlorella solution 1L/mu•m or oocysts 1L/ 2 mu•m, etc., the application of quick-acting fertilizer, scientific start-up and oxygenation, has achieved the purpose of rapid expansion.
4, the beneficial bacteria
The water body is poured into photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, complex EM bacteria, lactic acid bacteria or Streptococcus faecalis, which decomposes the organic matter in the water and reverses the aging of the water in the culture water.
5, activation method
For algae-aged pool water, 8% sodium nitrophenolate solution 300mL/mu•m or 5% vitamin B1 and 2% vitamin B12 each 150mL/mu•m or complex amino acid nutrient solution 500mL/mu•m to activate aging algae To promote the recovery of algae.
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