Clear path of gallbladder cancer escape provides a theoretical basis for targeted immunotherapy

2023-12-14 22:07:24

July 25, 2018 Source: Health News

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Recently, the team of Professor Liu Yingbin from the Department of General Surgery of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Institute of Biliary Diseases of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine has made another breakthrough in the field of primary gallbladder cancer research. The team found that the immune escape mechanism of gallbladder cancer provides a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of gallbladder cancer combined with immunotherapy. Related papers were published in the international academic journal Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Gallbladder cancer has biological characteristics such as high malignancy and insensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Currently, the treatment mainly depends on surgery, and the overall prognosis is extremely poor. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of gallbladder cancer in China have shown a significant upward trend. According to the survey, more than 80% of patients with gallbladder cancer survive less than 1 year, and the 5-year survival rate is only 5%. Therefore, the molecular classification of gallbladder cancer and the search for early high-sensitivity targets are extremely important for the effective prevention and treatment of gallbladder cancer. Liu Yingbin has long been focusing on the basic and clinical research of gallbladder cancer. He has systematically described the gene mutation spectrum of gallbladder cancer for the first time. The result was published online on July 6, 2014 in the international academic journal Nature Genetics.

On this basis, Liu Yingbin's team expanded the sample size to continue to explore the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer, in addition to reaffirming the credibility of the previous results, and more importantly, found that ERBB2/ERBB3 gene mutations significantly promote the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells. And positively correlated with the prognosis of gallbladder cancer; subsequently using chip, bioinformatics analysis, drug intervention and other techniques, found that ERBB2/ERBB3 gene mutation can up-regulate PD-L1 expression through pi3k/Akt signaling pathway, further inhibiting normal T cell-mediated The cytotoxic effect, thereby promoting the immune escape of gallbladder cancer and the progression of the tumor.

Because ERBB2/ERBB3 is abnormally activated in various tumors, it has become an ideal target for anticancer drugs. Targeted drugs for various ERBB receptors have entered clinical use or are in clinical trials. In addition, the tumor immune escape mechanism has been an important factor restricting the effect of tumor immunotherapy. However, the current PD-L1-based treatment still lacks reliable biomarkers for tumor immune escape-related antibodies, low response rate and many side effects. Based on the results of this study, new approaches to the prevention and treatment of gallbladder cancer are expected to be discovered. (Special correspondent Yang Jing)

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