Chinese scientists reveal the mystery of human embryo development and evolution
Chinese scientists reveal the mystery of human embryo development and evolution
March 12, 2018 Source: Xinhuanet
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Like computer programming, human life develops from a fertilized egg into a complex organism, and programming of gene expression is also required. The Liu Jiang team of the Beijing Institute of Genomics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences collaborated with the Chen Zijiang team of the Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University and the Liu Jianqiao team of Guangzhou Medical University to interpret for the first time in the world how this "programming language" directs the gene expression of human embryos. Published in the international authoritative academic journal "Cell".
How a fertilized egg develops into a complex organism with more than 200 cell types and 36 vital organs is one of the biggest problems in life sciences. Scientists have known that development requires the in vivo genes to be expressed in an orderly manner, at specific times and at specific locations. This process is called programming of gene expression. However, in the early stage of fertilized egg formation, how to start the expression of genes, which genes will be expressed first, and which genes are expressed later has always been a difficult point of research.
The Liu Jiang team and others have studied the activation mechanism of the human embryo genome for the first time in the world, and opened the door to understanding the regulation of human embryonic development gene expression. Chinese scientists have found a key molecule (Oct4) that initiates the expression of the human genome. It is found that in the evolutionary history, the first gene (old gene) will be expressed first, and the last gene will be expressed later. The reason is that the cell setting program allows the old gene's regulatory switch to be turned on first.
The study also revealed an important new mechanism for human evolution, in which mutations produced in embryos are more likely to be transmitted to offspring, leading to human evolution.
The researchers explained that DNA mutations cause human evolution. There are a class of DNA fragments called transposons in DNA sequences that often jump from one region to another. This beating produces DNA mutations. In this study, scientists have determined that transposons that cause human evolution are active primarily in the embryo, causing new mutations in the human genome. (Reporter Dong Ruifeng)
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