High-yield cultivation techniques of fine-haired long yam
With China's accession to the WTO soon, the adjustment of agricultural structure is imperative, and the development of local famous varieties is an important way to improve efficiency. Jiaxiang County fine-haired long yam is an excellent variety of fine-haired long yam in Shandong Province. It has a cultivation history of nearly 300 years.
Its roots are cylindrical, thin, with fine hairy roots on the surface, yellow, yellowish brown spots, fine white meat, containing mucus, saponin, choline, allantoin, arginine, amylase, protein, fat, Starch and iodine, high nutritional and medicinal value, have the role of spleen, kidney, lung, diarrhea, etc., is a good nourishing fitness.
The yam bean is the beaded bud of the yam vine, the leaves are raw, the long round is different, the skin is yellow, it turns gray after cooking, the skin is thin, and the white meat is fine. Yam beans are sweet, flat, into the spleen, lung, kidney three, can raise lung and Yin, kidney and solid. Its cultivation techniques are:
First, soil preparation and fertilization
The sandy loam with deep soil, loose and fertile soil, high terrain, sunny, smooth drainage and groundwater level below 1 m is selected. Generally, the land is deeply raked before winter, and the planting ditch is excavated. The general ditch is 1m, the width of the ditch is 25-30cm, and the depth is 80-100cm. The excavated soil is frozen and matured in winter. After thawing in early spring, the soil can be sieved and sieved. After the soil is filled in the yam tuber growth area, fill in the post. Combined with sputum, the base fertilizer is applied. Generally, 4000 to 5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters, and 50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer is applied to the shallow soil layer for absorption by the root of yam.
Second, cultivate the plant
Yam is generally used as a propagation material for yam planting, that is, when the yam tuber is harvested, the section with crypt and bud marks at the apex of the tuber is cut, which is 17-20 cm long, which is too short to affect the yield. After the yam plant is collected, it will be planted in the next year, during which the yam plant can be stored in the cellar. The tuber can also be cut into small pieces of 8-10 cm, each weighing 30-40 g. After preparation of the yam section, it can be directly used for sowing, or it can be colonized after germination. If you want to expand the planting area, you can also use the aerial tuber (yam bean) to breed into a plant in the same year. It will be used in the following year. This yam plant is used, and the offspring have strong vitality and significant yield increase. The yam plant can be placed 25 days before planting. It is germinated in the warm place, and it is planted when the bud is 4cm long.
Third, timely planting
Yam is a thermophilic crop that is not resistant to frost. When the spring temperature is stable above 9-10 °C, it is suitable for colonization. The North China region is mostly in the middle and late April. Before planting, it is necessary to ensure sufficient soil bottom, no watering after planting, to promote the roots of the yam seedlings. When planting, the planting ditch is 10 cm deep in the center of the sputum, and the yam plant is laid flat according to the specifications of the yam plant 15 to 25 cm. Inside the ditch, the top cover is 8-10 cm. When the soil moisture is insufficient, water can be planted in the planting ditch and then planted.
Fourth, field management
1. After the emergence of the yam yam, the vine grows very fast. In order to prevent the young stalk from being blown off by the wind, it should be bracketed in time. The height of the stalk is 1.5-2.0m. The bamboo truss can be used as a shape of a triangle, a triangle or a square.
2. Watering yam is more drought tolerant. After planting, the seedling stage is basically not watered. In the later stage of strong growth of stems and leaves, it is necessary to keep the soil moist. If water accumulates in the sputum, it needs to be drained in time.
3. The topdressing fertilizers were applied once every year in the yam vine season, the stem and leaf vigorous growth period, and the tuber bulging period, and each time 667 square meters of compound fertilizer 15-20kg.
4. After cultivating, weeding and pruning yam planting, it can be ploughed one or two times in shallow cultivating, and artificially plucking grass in the later stage, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, reducing nutrient consumption, and can cut off the side branches in time, and can pick yam beans at any time after entering the volts. Large and thick tubers. At the same time pay attention to the prevention and control
V. Harvest
The yam can be harvested from the time when the stems and leaves are yellow after the frost, and can be harvested before the emergence of the spring, and avoid the bruises and breaks during harvesting. The general procedure for yam harvesting is to first pull up the scaffolds and stems, then shake off the yam beans on the stems. After collecting them, you can harvest the yam tubers. Starting from the end of the scorpion, first dig a 60cm square pit, then use a special yam shovel to dig the root side of the soil along the 10cm side of the ground on the ground where the yam grows, and dig it to the bottom of the yam ditch. As far as the tip of the tuber is concerned, carefully propose the yam tuber.
Sixth, benefits
Jiaxiang fine hair long yam, generally 667 square meters of output 1OOOkg, high-yield blocks of more than 1500kg, according to the current market price of 2.5 yuan / kg, 667 square meters of output value of 2,500 - 3,750 yuan, after deducting costs, 667 square meters of net income of 1800 - Between 3000 yuan, the benefits are significant.
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