Nutritional characteristics and fertilization techniques of potato
First, nutritional characteristics
Potatoes, also known as potatoes, are high-starch tuber crops with sub-stages of growth, tuber formation and growth, and starch accumulation. During the whole growth period, the potato absorbed the most potassium, followed by the nitrogen fertilizer and the least phosphorus fertilizer. The needs of nutrients for different growth periods have different characteristics. During the seedling stage, the tubers are rich in nutrients and need less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. During tuber formation and growth, the growth of shoots and shoots on the shoots and the enlargement of tubers were carried out at the same time. It required more fertilizer and accounted for about 1/2 of the total amount of fertilizer required. During the starch accumulation period, less nutrients are required, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. It can be seen that the nutrient supply during the tuber formation and growth period is sufficient and plays an important role in increasing potato yield and starch content.
The growth adaptability of potato is strong. It can be planted in all parts of the country. The general growth period is 90-110 days. For producing 1000 kg of potatoes, it needs to absorb 3.5-5.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kg, and potassium (K2O). 10.6-12.0 kg, N: P2O5: K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, or 1:0.5:2. If the potato yields 1500 kilograms per mu, the average nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption is 7, 3, and 17 kilograms. Nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the accumulation of starch and protein in tubers. Phosphorus promotes plant growth and robustness, improves tuber quality and storability, and increases starch content and yield. Potassium promotes tuber starch accumulation in the late growth stage of potato and improves plant resistance to disease and cold. In addition, the potato is more sensitive to boron and zinc, and boron is beneficial to the expansion of the potato lumps to prevent cracking, and has a special effect on increasing the net photosynthetic productivity of the plants.
Second, fertilization technology
Potato fertilization technology should follow the principle of farmyard fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, basal fertilizer, and top dressing.
Reapply base fertilizer. Potatoes are tuber crops. They like loose sandy soil and require a cool climate. The amount of basal fertilizer generally accounts for more than two-thirds of the total amount of fertilizer. Basal fertilizers are mainly mature farmyard fertilizers, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizers, especially phospho-potassium fertilizers, are used as base fertilizers, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and are conducive to growth and growth. Potatoes. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in basal fertilizer accounts for about 50%. The application method of basal fertilizer is to apply furrows or acupuncture points before planting, which is about 15 cm deep. The specific fertilization amount is about 1500 kilograms per mu. The application rate is 1500-2500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 20 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium, 10-12 kilograms of potash, or compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and high potassium. - 60 kg, the amount of fertilizer can be increased in high-yielding areas. Fertilizers should be applied at 2-3 cm from the seed potatoes to avoid direct contact with seed potatoes and cover soil after fertilization.
Fertilize early. Fertilizers should be used in conjunction with the potato growth period. During the seedling period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizers can be used to combine cultivating soil with 5-7 kg of urea per acre to pour water, which is beneficial to keeping seedlings. After flowering, potato generally does not carry out topdressing in the rhizosphere, in particular, nitrogen fertilizer cannot be topdressed. After the potato blossoms, it mainly sprays phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on leaves, spraying 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre. If there is a lack of nitrogen, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are more sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or lacks zinc, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate. Generally, it is sprayed every 7 days and sprayed twice. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potato is a high-potassium crop, and potassium fertilization should be given special attention in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to use excessive chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.
Fertilize early. Fertilizers should be used in conjunction with the potato growth period. During the seedling period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizers can be used to combine cultivating soil with 5-7 kg of urea per acre to pour water, which is beneficial to keeping seedlings. After flowering, potato generally does not carry out topdressing in the rhizosphere, in particular, nitrogen fertilizer cannot be topdressed. After the potato blossoms, it mainly sprays phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on leaves, spraying 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre. If there is a lack of nitrogen, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are more sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or lacks zinc, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate. Generally, it is sprayed every 7 days and sprayed twice. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potato is a high-potassium crop, and potassium fertilization should be given special attention in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to use excessive chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.
Potatoes, also known as potatoes, are high-starch tuber crops with sub-stages of growth, tuber formation and growth, and starch accumulation. During the whole growth period, the potato absorbed the most potassium, followed by the nitrogen fertilizer and the least phosphorus fertilizer. The needs of nutrients for different growth periods have different characteristics. During the seedling stage, the tubers are rich in nutrients and need less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. During tuber formation and growth, the growth of shoots and shoots on the shoots and the enlargement of tubers were carried out at the same time. It required more fertilizer and accounted for about 1/2 of the total amount of fertilizer required. During the starch accumulation period, less nutrients are required, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. It can be seen that the nutrient supply during the tuber formation and growth period is sufficient and plays an important role in increasing potato yield and starch content.
The growth adaptability of potato is strong. It can be planted in all parts of the country. The general growth period is 90-110 days. For producing 1000 kg of potatoes, it needs to absorb 3.5-5.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kg, and potassium (K2O). 10.6-12.0 kg, N: P2O5: K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, or 1:0.5:2. If the potato yields 1500 kilograms per mu, the average nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption is 7, 3, and 17 kilograms. Nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the accumulation of starch and protein in tubers. Phosphorus promotes plant growth and robustness, improves tuber quality and storability, and increases starch content and yield. Potassium promotes tuber starch accumulation in the late growth stage of potato and improves plant resistance to disease and cold. In addition, the potato is more sensitive to boron and zinc, and boron is beneficial to the expansion of the potato lumps to prevent cracking, and has a special effect on increasing the net photosynthetic productivity of the plants.
Potato fertilization technology should follow the principle of farmyard fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, basal fertilizer, and top dressing.
Reapply base fertilizer. Potatoes are tuber crops. They like loose sandy soil and require a cool climate. The amount of basal fertilizer generally accounts for more than two-thirds of the total amount of fertilizer. Basal fertilizers are mainly mature farmyard fertilizers, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizers, especially phospho-potassium fertilizers, are used as base fertilizers, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and are conducive to growth and growth. Potatoes. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in basal fertilizer accounts for about 50%. The application method of basal fertilizer is to apply furrows or acupuncture points before planting, which is about 15 cm deep. The specific fertilization amount is about 1500 kilograms per mu. The application rate is 1500-2500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 20 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of calcium, 10-12 kilograms of potash, or compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and high potassium. - 60 kg, the amount of fertilizer can be increased in high-yielding areas. Fertilizers should be applied at 2-3 cm from the seed potatoes to avoid direct contact with seed potatoes and cover soil after fertilization.
Fertilize early. Fertilizers should be used in conjunction with the potato growth period. During the seedling period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizers can be used to combine cultivating soil with 5-7 kg of urea per acre to pour water, which is beneficial to keeping seedlings. After flowering, potato generally does not carry out topdressing in the rhizosphere, in particular, nitrogen fertilizer cannot be topdressed. After the potato blossoms, it mainly sprays phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on leaves, spraying 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre. If there is a lack of nitrogen, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are more sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or lacks zinc, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate. Generally, it is sprayed every 7 days and sprayed twice. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potato is a high-potassium crop, and potassium fertilization should be given special attention in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to use excessive chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.
Coarse grain usually refers to rice, wheat, corn, soybean and potato five crops other than the grain and bean crops. The main are: sorghum, millet, buckwheat (sweet buckwheat, buckwheat), oats (naked oats), barley, millet, barley millet, barley millet, grain amaranth and beans (kidney beans), mung beans, adzuki beans (adzuki beans, adzuki beans), broad beans, peas, cowpea, lentils (soldier beans), black beans and so on. It is characterized by short growing period, small planting area, special planting area, low yield, and generally contain rich nutrients. The ancient Chinese medicine book "Huangdi Neijing" records that "five grains are for raising, five fruits are for helping, five livestock are for benefiting, and five vegetables are for filling". Some trace elements, such as iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium, are more abundant in coarse grains than in refined grains. The value of these trace elements to human health is considerable. Coarse grains are also richer in potassium, calcium, vitamin E, folic acid and bioflavonoids than refined grains.
Whole Grains are rich in nutrients. Oats, for example, are rich in protein; Millet is rich in tryptophan and carotene. Beans are high in quality protein; Sorghum is rich in fatty acids and iron; Tubers contain carotene and vitamin C. In addition, coarse grain still has the effect of reducing weight. Such as corn also contains a lot of magnesium, magnesium can strengthen intestinal wall peristalsis, promote the excretion of body waste, is very beneficial to weight loss.
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