High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Spring Peanut in Open Field

The end of April and early May is the best time to plant spring peanuts. In recent years, with the adjustment and optimization of the agricultural industry structure, the peanut acreage has expanded rapidly. Planting in spring sowing is one of the main planting patterns of Hebei peanuts, and it has a large proportion in all counties. Although spring mulching film cover cultivation techniques have been widely used in recent years, the open field cultivation has more potential for development than the mulching film because of its simple operation, low technical requirements, and low labor and investment.

I. Variety selection and seed treatment

1, species selection. Due to the long growing period of spring sowing peanuts, peanut varieties with suitable growth period, good resistance, and high yield and stable yield should be selected, such as Daihua No. 5, No. 6 Huaihua, Shanhua No. 7 and Shanhua No. 9. 2, seed processing. The use of peanut seed coat seed dressing, the best coating agent for peanuts is Gao Qiao + Yi Wei + light shield. Coating with these three agents can increase production, resist disease, prevent insects, and strengthen seedlings. In particular, increase production, only coating this measure, peanuts per acre can increase production of more than 150 pounds. When coating, 30-40 pounds of peanut seeds per acre need 20 ml high skillful + 20 grams of beneficial micro +10 ml light shield, first 20 ml high skillful + 20 g Yi micro + 10 ml light shield dissolved with 400 ml water Mix the liquid and evenly spray onto the surface of the peanut seed, stir it while spraying, and place it in a cool and dry place for more than 24 hours after mixing. The longer the time, the better the effect.

Second, land selection

Should choose a flat, well-drained, deep soil layer, fertility in the upper loose, permeability of sandy land blocks. In addition, land plots that have not been planted with peanuts or other oil crops for two years are selected to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Third, soil preparation and fertilization

Land preparation should be intensive till it reaches the ground level, loose topsoil, and the depth of cultivation is preferably kept at about 30 cm.

Peanuts have a large demand for phosphorus and potassium. Organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used. Nitrogen needs to be less and earlier. Appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizers can be used in the base fertilizer, and 15 kg of urea are needed throughout the year. Generally, the quality of farm manure in Mushi is 2— 3, calcium superphosphate 40 kg, potassium sulfate 7.5 kg, peanuts need a lot of calcium growth, it is appropriate to use 25 kg of lime or plaster. In the late growth period of peanuts, in order to make up for the deficiency of fertilizer, it is possible to use top-dressing fertilizers outside the roots and mix them with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea aqueous solution for 2 to 3 times.

Fourth, timely early broadcast

Sowing time has a direct impact on the growth of collaterals and flower bud differentiation of peanuts, which in turn affects the rate of flower needles. According to the ground temperature, the spring peanuts are generally sown around April 25th. The experiment shows that the growth period of peanuts in spring is shortened with the delay of sowing date. Therefore, early sowing should be promoted in peanut cultivation.

Fifth, reasonable close planting

Reasonable dense planting can make full use of light energy and land, and exert the group's increase in production. Generally, spring sowing peanuts has 10,000 holes per mu and two grains per hole.

Sixth, strengthen field management

1, Qingke: peanut results mainly rely on the first and second pairs of collaterals, clear tree is conducive to the first and second pair of collateral development and base flower bud differentiation, increase the rate of flower needles. Clear trees should immediately open the soil around the peanut plants after the emergence of 50% peanuts to allow the cotyledons to completely expose the ground. According to the survey, Qingjiang peanuts produce about 20% more output than peanuts. 2, cultivator soil: cultivator and soil cultivation are interrelated, cultivator can help the cultivation of soil. First, it can loosen the topsoil, improve the air and water heat conditions of the topsoil, promote the development of roots and root nodules, and secondly, shorten the distance from the fruit needles to the soil, make the fruit needle as soon as possible into the soil, and form a suitable soil for the fruit development of the fruit needle. Layer; third is to remove weeds. 3, scientific watering timely drainage: In the flowering needle period, when the soil 0 to 30 cm soil moisture below the maximum water holding capacity of 50%, should be timely watering. In the ripe fruit period, when the field water capacity is less than 40%, it should be watered in time. Only reasonable irrigation and drainage can protect the roots, prevent rotting or germination, and increase the rate of fruit set and full fruit rate of peanuts to ensure high quality and high yield. 4. Reasonable control: The best time for peanut chemical control is in mid-to-late June. Since the most vigorous growth of vegetative nutrition occurs during this period, it is necessary to do a good job of controlling peanuts and use modulating agents to transfer vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Promote the control to lay the foundation for peanut high yield, you can use PBO300 times + 3000 times spray of Rui Peileu, spray twice, not only control prosperous, but also significantly increase production. 5, pest control: In the prevention and treatment of peanut pests should focus on prevention. In the case of aphids and spider mites, 10% of imidacloprid 300-fold can be used for foliar spraying. Prevention and treatment of leaf spot disease must be carried out in advance. In late June, before entering the rainy season, use Antaisheng's 800-times liquid + Yiwei 750-times liquid, spray once a day for 15 days, and even spray three times can inhibit the occurrence of germs. Once the disease occurs, use Lectra 3000-5000 times spray solution.

Seven, timely harvest

When the upper leaves of peanuts turn yellow, most of the middle leaves have fallen off, and the reticulation of the fruit shell is clear. After the pods are peeled off, the sponge layer in the fruit shell has a black luster, full grain, and the seed coat is ruddy, and the full fruit rate reaches 85%. It shows that peanuts have matured and must be harvested in time. Early and late harvests will reduce quality and yield.

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