Yuanshen standardized planting high yield technology
Scrophulariaceae is the dried root of Scrophularia sinensis (Scrophularia ningpoensls), which is also known as Yuanshen, Zhejiang Scrophulariaceae, and Black Ginseng. It is a perennial herb, and it is used as a root tonic to reduce yin and reduce the risk of fire, moisten dryness, and detoxify Liyan. Features. Slightly cold, sweet, bitter, salty. It is used to treat Yin Huo-wang, irritability, hot flashes, night sweats, sore throat, lymphatic tuberculosis, swollen sores, and deficiency of constipation. The disease is mainly produced in the Yangtze River Basin in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei. It is cultivated in other provinces such as Northeast China. Scrophulariaceae has endured years of sluggish prices, and its usage has increased from 4,000 tons in previous years to 5,000 tons, and the market price has now risen to 8-9 yuan per kilogram. This has become a popular species for medicinal farmers this year and is also planted under the forest. Planting the first variety.
[Morphological characteristics]
Perennial herb, plant height 80 cm to 150 cm. Root cylindrical or spindle-shaped, often bifurcated, grayish yellow skin. Stems erect four prisms. Leaves opposite, leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base rounded, margins with blunt serrations, sparsely scattered hairs below. Cymes, conical, inflorescences and pedicels with distinct glandular hairs, calyx 5-lobed; corolla brown-purple; stamens 4, two strong; ovary superior, 2-loculed, style slender; capsule oval, seeds oval , dark brown, with 10 vertical and horizontal lines. Flowering from July to August, fruiting period from September to October.
[Growth habits]
Scrophulariaceae warm and humid climate, when the temperature began to emerge at 12 degrees, 20C ~ 27C when the stem and leaf growth and development faster, after the aboveground growth and development peak, the root growth gradually accelerated. 21～26C is the optimum period for root growth and development, and the roots are obviously thickened and increased in weight. After 10 months, the growth of the plants slowed down. In August, the aboveground parts withered and grew for 220-240 days. Seed germination temperature is 30C, but the germination rate is low, the seed life is l ~ 2 years, so the production of multi-use buds (root buds) breeding. The use of rhizomes to breed not only grows quickly but also is easy to manage.
[Cultivation Techniques]
1. The deep-rooted plants of the Scrophulariaceae and the selected land are not strict to the soil, and can be planted on the plains, hills and low hillsides. However, it is better to grow the soil with deep sunny, loose and fertile, well-drained light loam or loam soil, and avoid continuous cropping. Former crops such as leguminous or gramineous crops are better, and should not be rotated with other herbs such as Atractylodes, after the previous crop harvest, that is, deep-dumping, while applying enough base fertilizer, per 667 square meters of cooked manure with appropriate application of 1,000 kilograms of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. After finishing, you will do it.
2. Variety selection: There are four species of Scrophulariae from the perspective of the planting area: Zengshen, Scrophulariaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Scrophulariaceae is distributed in Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces. Scrophulariaceae in northern China is distributed in Hebei and other places. It is wild, and the crude roots of Zhejiang Scrophulariaceae are high in yield and high in quality. The production of Zheyou 1 is the best variety.
3. Breeding methods mainly use buds (ie root buds) to reproduce.
Sprout propagation is the propagation of rhizomes with sub-buds: In the south, winter and spring seeds are mostly used. From mid-December to late-January to mid-January to mid-January to mid-January, north to mid-2-4 months Planting is good. Early seedlings have developed root systems, robust plants, and high yields. Before planting, choose disease-free, stout, and white buds as seeds. The best seedlings are soaked in 50% TYT 1000 times solution for 5 minutes, after drying, they are planted at spacings of 40 cm to 50 cm, and spacing between 35 cm and 40 cm. Caverns, put a bud in each hole, buds up, cover about 3 cm.
4. Field management
(1) Cultivated weeding: The seedlings should be cultivated and weeded in time, and should not be too deep to avoid injury. After planting ridges from June to July, weeds are not easy to grow, so we no longer need to cultivate and weed.
(2) Top dressing after top tillage and cultivating, top dressing before and during growing period 1–2 times, the main fertilizers are phosphorus and potash fertilizers and can be mixed with soil fertilizer to open holes or open shallow groves between plants. Application can also be added a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, with urea 10 kg per 667 square meters after topdressing earth. Soil cultivation has moisturizing, drought-relieving and fertilizer-preserving functions. Therefore, soil cultivation is an important measure in the field management of Scrophularia. Soil cultivation time (3 water management, Scrophulariaceae deep-rooted plants in a timely manner in the rainy season drainage drainage. In addition to severe drought, generally do not need watering.
5. Disease and Insect Pest Control (1) Speckled Blight: Initiated in mid-April, and developed during the period of high temperature and humidity, it was firstly caused by the lower leaves of the plants, brown spots appeared, and the leaves died when severe. Control methods: clean the beginning of the onset of spraying 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture.
(2) Cotton Red Spider: Originated in June and damaged the leaves. Control methods: clean the garden; occur early with 20% amitraz 1000 times spray; bogey and cotton rotation or neighboring.
V. Harvest processing
1. Harvested Scrophulariaceae Planted in the year of October-November when the local upper part withered. The stems are cut off first, then the underground part is planed and the rhizomes with the buds are selected.
2. The roots that will be used for medicinal purposes will be dried during the day and accumulated at night. Exposure 6 to 7 days after skin shrinkage, stacking sacks or grass to make it "sweat", then drying for about 3-5 days can be dried, in case of rain available baking, temperature control at 40 C ~ 50 C around, and flip in time. The products are preferably fat, fine, gray, black, oil-free, and non-reactive. (Changzhou Zhaoqiao Township Standardized Seed Farm for Medicinal Plants.)
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