High-yielding cultivation techniques of spring sown potato
2024-11-09 12:00:47
Potatoes have the characteristics of rich nutrition, combined use of grain and vegetables, high yield and high efficiency, and short growth period. In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure, potato planting area has increased year by year. Its main high-yielding cultivation techniques are:
The selected varieties of potato in our province are used in the spring and autumn in the second quarter. Early maturing potato, tuber bulking, short dormancy period, high yield, high quality and disease resistant varieties should be selected, such as Yushao 1 and Yushao 2 etc. These varieties are best detoxified potato species, the emergence of virus-free potato seedlings early, robust plants, leaf hypertrophy, developed roots, strong resistance, increase production potential.
The plots were selected for fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep tillage layer, loose sandy soil or loam. It is advisable to use cereal crops, beans, cotton, radish, Chinese cabbage, etc. in the former crops. It is not advisable to use solanaceous crops such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, and tobacco as forehead crops in order to reduce the incidence of diseases.
After harvesting the crops before the fine soil preparation, deep plowing shall be conducted in a timely manner for about 30 centimeters to make the soil frozen and weathered so as to receive rain and snow and freeze overwintering pests. After thawing in early spring, the cultivator should be cultivated as early as possible to reach the pulverized layer without fragmentation, and the field surface should be smooth without roots.
Fertilizer base potato is a high-yielding fertilizer crop, combined with early spring soil preparation, full base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is generally Mushi quality decomposed organic fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, urea 20 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, potassium sulfate 30 ~ 40 kg. Cut priming spring sowing needs about 120 kilograms of seeded potatoes per acre, planting potatoes one month before sowing in the dark environment with a temperature of 15°C～20°C. 20 to 25 days before sowing, the seed potatoes will be cut into pieces, each with 1 to 2 buds, weighing 25 to 30 grams. Seeds of potato were washed with 600-fold carbendazim suspension to remove starch from the surface of the incision. After drying, they were placed on a sand-layered stratification method at a temperature of 15°C to 18°C. When the shoots grew to about 2 cm, they were placed. Under the scattered light, the buds can be sown after the greening becomes thick.
The suitable sowing date for sowing potato in spring in our province is from late February to early March. If sowing early, the seedlings are vulnerable to freezing. When the planting is too late, the tubers are in a high temperature and rainy season when they are inflated. The shoots and leaves on the shoots are prone to be long and affect the accumulation of tuber nutrients, which leads to a serious reduction in yield. The tubers are susceptible to disease, rotten potatoes, and are not resistant to storage.
The rational dense planting uses ridging width and narrow row cultivation, ridge distance is 1 meter, ridge roof width is 60 centimeters, ridge height is 15 centimeters, one ridge is double row, width is 70 centimeters, narrow row is 30 centimeters, plant spacing is 25 to 30 centimeters. Ditch planting, potato shoots in the ditch buds upwards, after each mu with 3% phoxim granules 2 ~ 3 kg, fine soil 15 ~ 20 kg along the ditch evenly spread to prevent underground pests. Then cover the gully, suppress flat, 72% dole per acre with 100 ml or 50% acetochlor 120 ml, 40 ~ 50 kg of water evenly spray weed control, and then immediately covered.
Field Management 1. Break the film in time. 20 to 25 days after sowing, the seedlings will be successively apical membranes, select the sunny days in a timely manner to puncture the hole in the mulching film, and use the fine soil to cover the hole.
2. Cultivating earth. In combination with topdressing and watering, the soils should be cultivated once at the initial stage of bud initiation and at the initial stage of flowering to prevent the tubers from being exposed on the ground.
3. Fertilizer management. In combination with lyrical conditions, the watering should be performed once in the seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and the rapid expansion of the tubers. In combination with watering seedlings, 10 to 15 kg of urea can be topdressed at the early stage of flowering, and watering can be stopped 5 to 7 days before harvest to prevent the field of rotten potatoes and affecting the storage of the potato chips. In addition, spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice in the late stage of plant growth, 40-50 kilograms per acre, to prevent premature aging.
4. Chemical control: In the flowering period of budding, the plots with the trend of growing up, with 15% paclobutrazol per mu, 20-25 grams, spraying 40-50 kilograms of water, controlling the growth.
5. Pest control. In the early stage of viral disease, 20% of virus A WP 500 times or 1.5% of phytopathogenic larvae 1000 times is sprayed. At the beginning of the disease, 64% of the anti-tussive WP WP or 25% of SYP 600 was sprayed, and sprayed once every 7 days, with 3 injections. The control of aphids can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times, or 50% WP WP 2000-3000 times.
The timely harvesting of the spring potato does not necessarily wait until it matures before harvesting. It should be market demand and it should be conducted before the high temperature and rainy season arrives. The harvest should be conducted when the sunny soil is dry.
The selected varieties of potato in our province are used in the spring and autumn in the second quarter. Early maturing potato, tuber bulking, short dormancy period, high yield, high quality and disease resistant varieties should be selected, such as Yushao 1 and Yushao 2 etc. These varieties are best detoxified potato species, the emergence of virus-free potato seedlings early, robust plants, leaf hypertrophy, developed roots, strong resistance, increase production potential.
The plots were selected for fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep tillage layer, loose sandy soil or loam. It is advisable to use cereal crops, beans, cotton, radish, Chinese cabbage, etc. in the former crops. It is not advisable to use solanaceous crops such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, and tobacco as forehead crops in order to reduce the incidence of diseases.
After harvesting the crops before the fine soil preparation, deep plowing shall be conducted in a timely manner for about 30 centimeters to make the soil frozen and weathered so as to receive rain and snow and freeze overwintering pests. After thawing in early spring, the cultivator should be cultivated as early as possible to reach the pulverized layer without fragmentation, and the field surface should be smooth without roots.
Fertilizer base potato is a high-yielding fertilizer crop, combined with early spring soil preparation, full base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is generally Mushi quality decomposed organic fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, urea 20 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, potassium sulfate 30 ~ 40 kg. Cut priming spring sowing needs about 120 kilograms of seeded potatoes per acre, planting potatoes one month before sowing in the dark environment with a temperature of 15°C～20°C. 20 to 25 days before sowing, the seed potatoes will be cut into pieces, each with 1 to 2 buds, weighing 25 to 30 grams. Seeds of potato were washed with 600-fold carbendazim suspension to remove starch from the surface of the incision. After drying, they were placed on a sand-layered stratification method at a temperature of 15°C to 18°C. When the shoots grew to about 2 cm, they were placed. Under the scattered light, the buds can be sown after the greening becomes thick.
The suitable sowing date for sowing potato in spring in our province is from late February to early March. If sowing early, the seedlings are vulnerable to freezing. When the planting is too late, the tubers are in a high temperature and rainy season when they are inflated. The shoots and leaves on the shoots are prone to be long and affect the accumulation of tuber nutrients, which leads to a serious reduction in yield. The tubers are susceptible to disease, rotten potatoes, and are not resistant to storage.
The rational dense planting uses ridging width and narrow row cultivation, ridge distance is 1 meter, ridge roof width is 60 centimeters, ridge height is 15 centimeters, one ridge is double row, width is 70 centimeters, narrow row is 30 centimeters, plant spacing is 25 to 30 centimeters. Ditch planting, potato shoots in the ditch buds upwards, after each mu with 3% phoxim granules 2 ~ 3 kg, fine soil 15 ~ 20 kg along the ditch evenly spread to prevent underground pests. Then cover the gully, suppress flat, 72% dole per acre with 100 ml or 50% acetochlor 120 ml, 40 ~ 50 kg of water evenly spray weed control, and then immediately covered.
Field Management 1. Break the film in time. 20 to 25 days after sowing, the seedlings will be successively apical membranes, select the sunny days in a timely manner to puncture the hole in the mulching film, and use the fine soil to cover the hole.
2. Cultivating earth. In combination with topdressing and watering, the soils should be cultivated once at the initial stage of bud initiation and at the initial stage of flowering to prevent the tubers from being exposed on the ground.
3. Fertilizer management. In combination with lyrical conditions, the watering should be performed once in the seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and the rapid expansion of the tubers. In combination with watering seedlings, 10 to 15 kg of urea can be topdressed at the early stage of flowering, and watering can be stopped 5 to 7 days before harvest to prevent the field of rotten potatoes and affecting the storage of the potato chips. In addition, spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice in the late stage of plant growth, 40-50 kilograms per acre, to prevent premature aging.
4. Chemical control: In the flowering period of budding, the plots with the trend of growing up, with 15% paclobutrazol per mu, 20-25 grams, spraying 40-50 kilograms of water, controlling the growth.
5. Pest control. In the early stage of viral disease, 20% of virus A WP 500 times or 1.5% of phytopathogenic larvae 1000 times is sprayed. At the beginning of the disease, 64% of the anti-tussive WP WP or 25% of SYP 600 was sprayed, and sprayed once every 7 days, with 3 injections. The control of aphids can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times, or 50% WP WP 2000-3000 times.
The timely harvesting of the spring potato does not necessarily wait until it matures before harvesting. It should be market demand and it should be conducted before the high temperature and rainy season arrives. The harvest should be conducted when the sunny soil is dry.
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