Apple Orchard has to pay attention to key links to prevent freezing
In winter, apple trees, especially young fruit trees, are often damaged by low temperatures. Flower buds frostbite in light cases and affect yield in the coming year, and branches or whole plants freeze to death in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively manage the wintering of apple trees. Based on local experience, eight effective antifreeze methods are introduced.
Early application of base fertilizer
Applying base fertilizer is one of the key measures to prevent frost and increase efficiency. It can nourish strong trees and enhance the cold resistance of fruit trees. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the application of orchard base fertilizer and early application and deep application to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, especially for soil warming and storage nutrition accumulation. Overwintering fertilizer should be mainly rotten and semi-rotten farmhouse manure, combined with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other quick-acting fertilizers, which can be applied by opening ring grooves or trenching.
Ground cover
Covering the rows of fruit trees with straw, wheat straw, withered grass, corn stalks, etc., can prevent cold wind from invading the rhizomes, reduce freezing damage, and reduce soil moisture evaporation, which can help to maintain and increase temperature. When covering, the straw and other coverings should be cut into 15-20 cm long sections, and evenly covered with a layer of soil to prevent the wind from blowing away. After the cover rots, it can also become an organic fertilizer that is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees. For young trees that are 1 to 3 years old, it can also be covered with a 1-meter square mulch on the tree tray before the frost. It can increase soil temperature and maintain soil humidity.
Rhizome cultivation
Fruit tree roots and stems are the most difficult to withstand the cold, especially young trees, which are more vulnerable to freezing damage. Therefore, before freezing, soil must be cultivated at the junction of the above ground part of the tree and the underground part, with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and it will be removed when it thaws in the coming year.
Tree wrap
Before the big freeze arrives, using straw or straw rope to entangle the trunk or main branch can prevent cold wind from invading and reduce the loss of tree trunk water. Before winding, it is better to soak the winding in lime water for 1 to 2 days to sterilize and prevent diseases and insects from invading fruit trees. In the coming year, the warm grass will be burned to eliminate overwintering diseases and insects.
Film cover tree
The young branches of fruit trees are more susceptible to freezing. Before the big freeze, cover the sapling with a thin film, and tie the lower part with a rope or bury it in the root soil. It can also prevent frost.
Windshield
The use of shelter forests to improve the orchard microclimate, reduce wind speed, suppress drought, and reduce frost damage, and build shelter forests with a combination of trees and irrigation. Evergreens are ideal. For small area orchards, windbreak fences can also be used to set up wind barriers. That is, a 1m-high windproof fence or wind-proof earthen ridge is made of branches and hay on the northwest side of the orchard periphery to protect the root neck from freezing .
Fumigation
Fumigation should be used during the coldest nights in winter. It uses broken firewood, broken weeds, sawdust, bran husks, etc. as fuel, and ignites at about 12 o'clock at night. Pay attention to control the fire. It is better to use dark fire and dense smoke, generally per acre. No less than 3 to 4 ignition points and set them at the upwind. It is determined that the fumigation method can increase the temperature by 3 to 4 ° C.
Clear snow
In some places, it is very cold and snowy. The heavy snow can easily bend or break branches. Therefore, after heavy snow, the trunk should be shaken in time to shake off the snow in order to ensure that the fruit tree can survive the winter.
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