Experts on cold damage to cherry
Reporter: What are the symptoms of frozen cherry?
Experts: Low-temperature freezing damage is very harmful to cherry flower buds and flowering and fruit setting. Cherry flower bud and flowering period frost, because the pistil is not cold, light frost can be frozen pistil, slightly heavier when the stamen can be frozen, severe petal discoloration; young fruit frozen, slow growth, and finally shrinking, shedding.
Reporter: There is a fruit farmer who asked that their village has more than 1,000 acres of cherry orchards. After suffering freezing damage last year, some orchards reduced their production by more than 70%, and some even lost their crops. Some orchards still maintain a relatively high level of output. Why?
Experts: In addition to the temperature, the occurrence of low-temperature frost damage is related to factors such as variety, orchard site conditions, orchard management level. Different varieties of cherry, the degree of frost resistance is very different. The site conditions of the cherry orchard are closely related to the occurrence of frost. Where the big cherry orchard is built in a high-lying area, the extent of frost damage is very light, or basically not.
Freezing damage; on the contrary, the low-lying or large cherry orchards in the plains are plagued by freezing damage every year. Judging from the management level, the tree management is better, the strong tree vigor is stronger, the cold damage is lighter, and the tree is weaker.
Reporter: How to prevent cherry orchard from freezing damage?
Experts: According to previous years' experience, before the appearance of frost, artificial frost protection can be performed. The effects of smoke, water spray, irrigation, tree whitening and spraying of antifreeze agents, and Albit plant growth regulators are very effective. Flue-cured tobacco not only can increase the temperature of the orchard by 2°C to 4°C, but also can prevent the frost from falling by slowing the temperature of the orchard through the smoke screen that prevents the spreading of heat on the ground. The specific approach is to begin to light the haystack when the temperature falls near 2°C during the flowering night, and the time for smoked smoke will continue until sunrise. The water spray of the tree sprays water onto the cherry tree before freezing. The specific heat of the water is large, and a large amount of heat can be released during the freezing process, thereby reducing the frost. At the same time, a large amount of water can also be poured on the ground before frost, and the large specific heat of water can be used to release heat and prevent cold air from sinking, thereby reducing or preventing freezing damage. Whitening the trunk and branches in early spring will not only prevent frostbite during dormancy, but also delay flowering and reduce the chance of frost damage.
Reporter: What kind of remedial measures should be taken for fruit trees that have undergone frost damage?
Experts: Spray the foliar fertilizer on the frozen cherry trees in time to repair the damaged trees, quickly supplement the nutrients, and increase the fruit setting rate to reduce the loss. After the fruit trees are chilled, the trees are weakened, their resistance is poor, and they are prone to pests and diseases. Therefore, we must pay attention to the management of soil and fertigation and water supply, and help the tree as soon as possible. At the same time, we should pay attention to the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases to minimize the production and economic losses caused by pests and diseases.
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