Biological characteristics of asparagus - root knowledge summary
Asparagus wants to grow and make money, we must first understand its root growth and conservation, because asparagus is a root system, composed of fleshy storage roots and whisker-like roots, as long as the roots are not damaged, it can grow and extend every year. Today, Xiaobian will take you to know the biological characteristics of asparagus - root.
1. Main features of the root system
The roots of asparagus belong to the root system, and the root group is particularly strong, with long, thick and many characteristics. The distribution of roots generally develops horizontally and is slightly inclined downward. The lateral distribution is about 2 meters in length and 2 meters in longitudinal direction, but most of them are distributed in soil layers about 15-40 cm away from the surface. It has been determined that there are 482 roots in two-year-old plants; five-year-old asparagus has more than a thousand roots in the soil, and the thickness of the fleshy roots is 5 mm. As the age of the plant grows, the root group gradually expands.
2, the formation of roots and its role
Asparagus roots are divided into three types: primary root, storage root and root absorption according to their formation time, location, morphology and function.
(1) Primary root
It refers to the root that is first produced along with the germination of the seed. It is developed from the radicle, also called the seed root. The primary root is short and slender and has a short life span. Its main function is to absorb water for seed germination.
(2) Storage root
With the extension of the primary roots and the formation of young stems, the junction of the young stems and the primary roots gradually enlarges to form a bulb disk. The bulbs are raised above the bulbs, and a large number of scale buds are produced. The roots are rooted. These roots are fleshy, uniform in thickness, 4-6 mm in diameter and 1-3 m in length. They are stored and absorbed, called storage roots. With the expansion of the bulb disk, the storage roots gradually increased. It was determined that a 2.5 cm diameter bulb disk can produce 35 roots, 15 cm diameter bulb disks, and store more than 400 roots (pictured below).
The storage root consists of three parts: the epidermis, the parenchyma, and the middle column. Thin-walled tissue is the main place to store assimilation products. The main role of the middle column is to transport water and nutrients. Storage roots have a long life span, usually 5-6 years. If the growth point is not damaged, it can be stretched continuously, up to 2-3 meters. In the subtropical region, the roots of the storage grow continuously, while in the cold regions, the roots of the storage dormant in winter, and continue to grow in the spring, leaving traces at the stop of growth. The part that grew in the year was white, and the part of the last year was darker. The longer the age, the deeper the root color. Once the storage roots are cut, there is no regenerative capacity. Therefore, in the top dressing, soil cultivation, cultivating, try to avoid damage to the storage roots.
Storage roots require suitable temperatures and moisture. High temperature, high humidity, and accumulated water are likely to cause decay. Although asparagus is a deep-rooted crop, its drought tolerance is strong, but the soil moisture content is too low, which is also likely to cause the death of storage roots, which seriously affects the yield.
(3) Absorption root
It refers to the white fine roots that are deposited on the surface of the roots. The role of absorbing roots is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The absorption roots have a short life span. In cold regions, generally around one year, after the fall, the new roots are regenerated after the spring temperature rises; in warm regions, the roots can absorb more than one year.
1. Aboveground stem 2. Scale bud group 3. Storage root 4. Dormancy bud Asparagus underground parts are shown in the figure.
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