How to improve the efficacy of NPK fertilizer

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most common fertilizers in agricultural production, and they are necessary nutrients for plant growth and development. They are also called "three elements of fertilizers." Due to improper fertilization methods in agricultural production, it often results in the loss of fertilizer and fertilizer. Practice has proved that the proper application of chemical fertilizers has a significant effect on the increase of agricultural crops, and has become an important measure for the development of high-speed agriculture and achieving high and stable production. The main points of its fertilization technology are as follows: Nitrogen fertilizers commonly used in agricultural production of nitrogen are mainly urea, ammonia, liquid ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium ammonium nitrate and so on. Studies have shown that the amount of nitrogen used in field crops does not exceed 40%-50% of the amount of fertilizer used. If the application method is improper, fertilizer utilization will also be reduced from 40%-50% to 20%-30%. In order to reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrients and improve its utilization, the following measures can be taken. Deep application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer ammonium fertilizer deep in the soil depth of 8-15 cm, tightly covered with soil, can increase the adsorption of ammonium ion on the soil, reduce nitrogen nutrient volatility, increase its utilization. According to field experiments, deep application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can spread ammonium nitrogen fertilizer more than 10%-25%. Soil texture and organic matter content affect soil nitrogen application. Generally, it is considered that the loam soil has excellent performances for fertilizing and maintaining fertilizer, and can be fertilized at any time according to the growth needs of the plants; the organic matter in the sandy soil is rapidly mineralized and has poor fertility, and is preferably applied in small quantities; and the mineralization in organic matter in the clay soil is relatively slow. The applied nitrogen fertilizer is easily absorbed by the soil colloids and fixed by microorganisms, and has strong fertilizer retention performance, and can be used in large quantities and in small quantities. Different plants have different requirements and types of nitrogen fertilizer due to different fertilizers. Flowers and fruit trees are usually treated with ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; leaf-harvesting plants such as leafy vegetables, tea trees, mulberry trees, etc. are mainly suitable for ammonium nitrogen; bark fiber plants are suitable for ammonium chloride, such as hemp , Eucommia, etc. Nitrogen requirements are also different at different stages of the same plant species. The amount of nitrogen needed for fruits in spring and summer is more than 52%, and the fruit enlargement period requires a decrease in quantity. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early in time, but when the fruit is ripe, do not use nitrogen fertilizer to prevent late maturation. In combination with other fertilizers, China's soil is generally deficient in nitrogen, but if there is a lack of phosphorus, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is also very low. Therefore, the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer application effect will be better. Addition of nitrogen synergist to nitrogen fertilizer is a kind of organic chemical substance. Mixing with nitrogen fertilizer can inhibit the progress of soil nitrification and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer due to denitrification. The current trial and trial synergist is 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl). Pyridine (CP), thiourea (SU), etc. Phosphorus phosphorus has a great relationship with cell division and organic synthesis, transformation, transportation and respiration. Applying phosphate fertilizer can increase plant resistance and inhibit plant growth. In rural areas, the loss of phosphate fertilizers due to improper application of phosphate fertilizer is particularly serious. According to surveys, in the southern rural areas, phosphorus fertilizers are often applied to the soil or applied directly to the soil as a base fertilizer. Since most of the soils in the south are acidic and have a strong fixation effect on phosphorus, phosphorus is lost after being fixed. , thus greatly reducing the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. In order to increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, the following measures can be taken when applying it. Application of Different Phosphorus Fertilizers According to Soil Conditions Different phosphate fertilizers are suitable for different soils. Superphosphate is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and is suitable for most soils, but it is more effective in neutral soils and alkaline soils. It is weaker in acid and calcium phosphate fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizers should be applied to neutral or acidic soils; phosphate rock, bone powder and other insoluble phosphate fertilizers can only exert their fertilizer effects when applied on acidic soils. The lower the available phosphorus in the soil, the higher the fertilizer efficiency of applying phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer in the thin phosphorus-deficient soil is more effective. The concentrated application, near root application, and layered application of phosphate fertilizers have low mobility in calcareous and acidic soils and are prone to chemical fixation. Therefore, the use of acupuncture, spraying, sticking roots, foliar spraying, basal deep application, etc., can reduce the contact area of ​​phosphate fertilizer and soil, and strive to apply near the roots, in order to better improve the utilization of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer application of phosphorus-deficient soil is also generally lack of nitrogen, but if the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus are good, the phosphorus utilization rate can be increased from 13.8% to 30%, and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus is 2:1. Mixed with organic fertilizer, insoluble fertilization, phosphate fertilizer (such as phosphate rock) is best to be combined with green manure, compost, and carbon deposition before decomposing. The carbon dioxide and organic acids that are produced during the decomposition of organic fertilizers contribute to the conversion of non-water-soluble phosphorus compounds into available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer, and also prevent the water-soluble phosphorus from being fixed by the magnesium, aluminum, iron, and calcium ions in the soil. This can improve the fertilizer efficiency of insoluble phosphate fertilizers. The phosphorus fertilizer added to the stack is generally 5%-10% of organic fertilizer. Inorganic potash potassium enters the crop body in the ionic state (K+) and is still present in the cell fluid in an ionic state. The application of potash fertilizer in agricultural production can enhance crop resistance to lodging, drought, cold and disease resistance. Potassium fertilizer alone is generally ineffective, combined with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer have effect. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ratio of 2:1:0.5 is ideal. During the application process, potassium chloride must be used with caution in some bogey-tolerant plants and seedlings such as tobacco, spruce, tea, and fruit trees.