Pig breeding and management technology
2019-11-01 15:04:21
Fine breeding and nursing of breeding pigs are the key and guarantee for raising the productivity of breeding pigs. Through careful feeding and nursing, the annual productivity of sows can be increased, the number of live pigs can be raised and the resistance of sows can be increased, and the occurrence of diseases with reproductive disorders can be controlled. For porcine respiratory syndrome or multiple system failure syndrome caused by circovirus type II, blue ear disease, porcine parvovirus, swine pseudorabies, and swine fever, sows have stillbirths, miscarriages, mummified fetuses, and weak children. Effectively improve immunization before mating, regularly monitor antibodies, and increase the immunity of sows. By carefully observing the estrus identification and timely breeding of sows, the sow fertility rate and the number of births can be increased. Through the fine breeding of boars can increase breeding ability of boars, maintain a healthy body, strong sexual desire, otherwise it will directly affect the number of births and survival rate.
Fine boar fine breeding and nursing boar fine feed diet composition, mainly concentrated material, should contain 12.55 MJ/kg of crude energy, 13%~14% of crude protein, 0.8%~1.2% of calcium, total Phosphorus 0.6%, table salt 0.3% to 0.6%, and lysine 0.75%. Vitamins play an important role in the development of the testis and in the improvement of semen quality. In particular, vitamins A, D, and E are indispensable nutrients for boars. When vitamin A deficiency occurs in the diet, the bovine testis is prone to swelling or atrophy and cannot produce sperm. In the absence of vitamin D or vitamin E, semen quality will decrease. In conjunction with diets, it is necessary to make their energy supply reasonable, feeding 2.5 kg to 3.0 kg per head per day, and keep the body in good condition for a long period of time. Boar fat, libido will weaken or even no sexual desire, resulting in reduced ability to match, this situation is mostly due to a single feed, energy feed, and protein, minerals and vitamins caused by insufficient feed. Boars are too thin and their semen quality is poor, resulting in a low conception rate for sows. This situation is mostly caused by reduced precision, malnutrition, or overgrowth.
The fine nursing of boars must be raised in a single circle. The area of ​​each pig house is from 6 m2 to 7.5 m2, and it is placed in a quiet, sunny and far away place from the sow house, so as to avoid the sound and taste of the sows. The stimuli cause mental unrest and affect the loss of appetite and other consequences. The second is to clean the pig house and brush the pig body frequently to keep the house and pig body clean. Third, we must adhere to reasonable exercise, improve the metabolism of boars, promote appetite, and enhance physical fitness. Fourth, we must insist on checking the quality of semen regularly so that we can adjust the frequency of nutrition, exercise and breeding at any time. Fifth, the rational use of breeding boars will help extend the useful life of the boar and give full play to its reproductive ability.
Fine breeding and nursing of sows Fine breeding of sows sows rearing mothers and lactating sows generally lose 20% to 30% of their body weight. Precise breeding of sows is to restore sensation and increase physical strength. In order to achieve the kind of body condition. If the sow can maintain 80% lye during weaning, as long as the diet composition is reasonable, it should contain 11 megajoules to 11.5 megajoules per kg of digestive energy, 12% to 13% of crude protein, 0.8% to 1.2% of calcium, and 0.6% of total phosphorus. , Salt 0.3% ~ 0.6%, lysine 0.55%, and for the supply of minerals and vitamin feed, feed each day on a mixture of 2 kg to 2.3 kg, within 6 days to 10 days, generally can be normal estrus breeding.
From the actual point of view, according to the breed of pigs and different production periods, the composition of the diet can be properly adjusted and the fine feeding can be flexibly controlled to meet the nutritional needs of the sows.
Pregnancy sow fine-grazing in the 115 days of pregnancy, generally low pre-pregnancy levels, daily feeding mixture of 1.8 kg per head, late to increase the amount of feed compared to the previous period, increased levels during the second trimester, daily feed per head 2.8 Kilograms ~ 3.0 kg. In addition to guaranteeing the growth and development of the fetus, the first-mother sow also needs to grow, so it is necessary to increase the amount of feed compared to the adult sow. Based on this, winter can increase feed by 10% to 15%, and in summer, it can drop by 10%. This is to maintain the upper and middle body conditions. In order to increase the feed intake of summer sows, vitamin E, vitamin C and sodium carbonate can be added to the feed, adding 1 kg to 2 kg per ton of feed. The general principle is to maintain the sow's sensation but not fat or too thin, which is conducive to maintaining childbirth as a standard.
Pregnancy sows fine breeding pregnant sows 110 days into the day of childbirth, to feed lactating sows, and appropriate increase in dietary wheat bran ratio, is conducive to purge, daily feed amount of 1.5 kg per head ~ 2.0 kg. During this period, feeding too much can lead to an increase in the stillbirth rate. When the feeding is too little, it can lead to a large number of weak pigs, resulting in an increase in the mortality rate of the pigs within a few days after birth. The first 2 days to 3 days after birth, especially The sows on the day of childbirth have to reduce the amount of feed so that the occurrence of mastitis and excrement contamination of the bed can be controlled.
Fine-feeding sows of lactating sows feed their lactating sow diets from the childbirth, do not feed them within 10 hours of the day of birth, give enough water, and drink warm water in winter. After being born, the piglet will feed colostrum as soon as possible within 2 hours and keep the breast clean and hygienic. From the second day to the fifth day after sow, the daily feed amount is 1.5kg to 2.5kg per head. Six days later, according to the number of sows, the number of pigs used in the lactation period is gradually increased from the 10th day until the lactation peak. (25 days to 30 days after delivery) Stop feeding. During this period, the pigs can be fed as early as possible to promote feeding and growth, and at the same time, due to the consumption of large amounts of lactating sows, the weight loss is the most in the first month after delivery. In order to meet the sow's feed intake, it should be fed 3 times to 4 times a day. For sows with insufficient lactation or lack of milk, artificial prolactin should be performed. On the basis of improving fine feeding, feeds rich in protein and easy to digest, high quality green feed, and fermented feeds should be properly fed.
Precise care of sows for sow care One of the finest care for pregnant sows is to control the amount of feed during the first week of breeding and prevent embryo implantation failure and death, affecting the number of births. Secondly, during the entire course of pregnancy, the environment should be kept relatively quiet, early embryonic deaths should be reduced, and the sows should be given more care. Thirdly, the sow’s constitution should be enhanced by appropriate and reasonable exercise, and exercise should be stopped before labor. Fourth, it is necessary to prevent mechanical abortions and prevent crowded and bite frames from falling and suddenly disturbing.
Careful sow care must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before the sow is placed in a branch house. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the sow bed, subpig incubator or floor (activities), sow holder, and drinking water pipe. Second, the sow must be cleaned and sterilized one week before the sow enters the delivery room, and then transferred to the delivery room for production. Third, we must prepare the confinement equipment and prepare for the rescue of dead pigs and difficult-to-produce sows. Fourth, after the completion of sows delivery, intramuscular injection of oxytocin 20 units to 40 units, can promote the discharge of the fetal clothing and uterine contents, accelerate the recovery of the uterus, and promote lactation.
The fine nursing of lactating sows is to keep the pig house in a quiet environment, clean and dry, comfortable and warm, heatstroke in summer and cold in winter, so that sows can be fully rested. Second, we must maintain adequate light in the pigsty. As far as possible, sows and pigs should be exposed to sunlight and fresh air to enhance their physical fitness. Third, to fix the nipple, often check the breast, if there is damage and timely treatment. Fourth, training sows to develop the habit of alternating lying on both sides, easy to uniform breast development and sub-broiler milk. Fifth, we should adopt early weaning (21 days to 28 days) weaning, the pigs can be kept in the original circle after weaning.
The establishment of a sound prevention and control system for breeder swine disease prevention and control systems is a guarantee for raising pigs and raising pig products. The principle of prevention must be adopted to ensure the healthy and safe development of breeding pigs. First, we must formulate a complete immunization program, carry out immunization and disinfection in a planned and systematic manner, implement standardized operations, and control the occurrence of swine diseases. Second, we must use the vaccine produced by regular manufacturers, whether it is imported vaccines or domestic vaccines, all must have approval. Third, according to the instructions to preserve and transport the vaccine, and some vaccines are stored at 4 °C ~ 8 °C, but some pig farms do not pay attention to the use of ice (below 0 °C) preservation, resulting in vaccine failure. Fourth, we must ensure that one needle and one pig are injected into the vaccine, and that each pig should be given a sufficient dose. If there is a vaccine outflow during the injection, it should be recharged promptly. Fifth, there must be records of vaccine injections to ensure that each pig is immunized and records are perfect. Sixth, we must strengthen forecasting and quarantine inspection of breeding pigs.
Fine boar fine breeding and nursing boar fine feed diet composition, mainly concentrated material, should contain 12.55 MJ/kg of crude energy, 13%~14% of crude protein, 0.8%~1.2% of calcium, total Phosphorus 0.6%, table salt 0.3% to 0.6%, and lysine 0.75%. Vitamins play an important role in the development of the testis and in the improvement of semen quality. In particular, vitamins A, D, and E are indispensable nutrients for boars. When vitamin A deficiency occurs in the diet, the bovine testis is prone to swelling or atrophy and cannot produce sperm. In the absence of vitamin D or vitamin E, semen quality will decrease. In conjunction with diets, it is necessary to make their energy supply reasonable, feeding 2.5 kg to 3.0 kg per head per day, and keep the body in good condition for a long period of time. Boar fat, libido will weaken or even no sexual desire, resulting in reduced ability to match, this situation is mostly due to a single feed, energy feed, and protein, minerals and vitamins caused by insufficient feed. Boars are too thin and their semen quality is poor, resulting in a low conception rate for sows. This situation is mostly caused by reduced precision, malnutrition, or overgrowth.
The fine nursing of boars must be raised in a single circle. The area of ​​each pig house is from 6 m2 to 7.5 m2, and it is placed in a quiet, sunny and far away place from the sow house, so as to avoid the sound and taste of the sows. The stimuli cause mental unrest and affect the loss of appetite and other consequences. The second is to clean the pig house and brush the pig body frequently to keep the house and pig body clean. Third, we must adhere to reasonable exercise, improve the metabolism of boars, promote appetite, and enhance physical fitness. Fourth, we must insist on checking the quality of semen regularly so that we can adjust the frequency of nutrition, exercise and breeding at any time. Fifth, the rational use of breeding boars will help extend the useful life of the boar and give full play to its reproductive ability.
Fine breeding and nursing of sows Fine breeding of sows sows rearing mothers and lactating sows generally lose 20% to 30% of their body weight. Precise breeding of sows is to restore sensation and increase physical strength. In order to achieve the kind of body condition. If the sow can maintain 80% lye during weaning, as long as the diet composition is reasonable, it should contain 11 megajoules to 11.5 megajoules per kg of digestive energy, 12% to 13% of crude protein, 0.8% to 1.2% of calcium, and 0.6% of total phosphorus. , Salt 0.3% ~ 0.6%, lysine 0.55%, and for the supply of minerals and vitamin feed, feed each day on a mixture of 2 kg to 2.3 kg, within 6 days to 10 days, generally can be normal estrus breeding.
From the actual point of view, according to the breed of pigs and different production periods, the composition of the diet can be properly adjusted and the fine feeding can be flexibly controlled to meet the nutritional needs of the sows.
Pregnancy sow fine-grazing in the 115 days of pregnancy, generally low pre-pregnancy levels, daily feeding mixture of 1.8 kg per head, late to increase the amount of feed compared to the previous period, increased levels during the second trimester, daily feed per head 2.8 Kilograms ~ 3.0 kg. In addition to guaranteeing the growth and development of the fetus, the first-mother sow also needs to grow, so it is necessary to increase the amount of feed compared to the adult sow. Based on this, winter can increase feed by 10% to 15%, and in summer, it can drop by 10%. This is to maintain the upper and middle body conditions. In order to increase the feed intake of summer sows, vitamin E, vitamin C and sodium carbonate can be added to the feed, adding 1 kg to 2 kg per ton of feed. The general principle is to maintain the sow's sensation but not fat or too thin, which is conducive to maintaining childbirth as a standard.
Pregnancy sows fine breeding pregnant sows 110 days into the day of childbirth, to feed lactating sows, and appropriate increase in dietary wheat bran ratio, is conducive to purge, daily feed amount of 1.5 kg per head ~ 2.0 kg. During this period, feeding too much can lead to an increase in the stillbirth rate. When the feeding is too little, it can lead to a large number of weak pigs, resulting in an increase in the mortality rate of the pigs within a few days after birth. The first 2 days to 3 days after birth, especially The sows on the day of childbirth have to reduce the amount of feed so that the occurrence of mastitis and excrement contamination of the bed can be controlled.
Fine-feeding sows of lactating sows feed their lactating sow diets from the childbirth, do not feed them within 10 hours of the day of birth, give enough water, and drink warm water in winter. After being born, the piglet will feed colostrum as soon as possible within 2 hours and keep the breast clean and hygienic. From the second day to the fifth day after sow, the daily feed amount is 1.5kg to 2.5kg per head. Six days later, according to the number of sows, the number of pigs used in the lactation period is gradually increased from the 10th day until the lactation peak. (25 days to 30 days after delivery) Stop feeding. During this period, the pigs can be fed as early as possible to promote feeding and growth, and at the same time, due to the consumption of large amounts of lactating sows, the weight loss is the most in the first month after delivery. In order to meet the sow's feed intake, it should be fed 3 times to 4 times a day. For sows with insufficient lactation or lack of milk, artificial prolactin should be performed. On the basis of improving fine feeding, feeds rich in protein and easy to digest, high quality green feed, and fermented feeds should be properly fed.
Precise care of sows for sow care One of the finest care for pregnant sows is to control the amount of feed during the first week of breeding and prevent embryo implantation failure and death, affecting the number of births. Secondly, during the entire course of pregnancy, the environment should be kept relatively quiet, early embryonic deaths should be reduced, and the sows should be given more care. Thirdly, the sow’s constitution should be enhanced by appropriate and reasonable exercise, and exercise should be stopped before labor. Fourth, it is necessary to prevent mechanical abortions and prevent crowded and bite frames from falling and suddenly disturbing.
Careful sow care must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before the sow is placed in a branch house. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the sow bed, subpig incubator or floor (activities), sow holder, and drinking water pipe. Second, the sow must be cleaned and sterilized one week before the sow enters the delivery room, and then transferred to the delivery room for production. Third, we must prepare the confinement equipment and prepare for the rescue of dead pigs and difficult-to-produce sows. Fourth, after the completion of sows delivery, intramuscular injection of oxytocin 20 units to 40 units, can promote the discharge of the fetal clothing and uterine contents, accelerate the recovery of the uterus, and promote lactation.
The fine nursing of lactating sows is to keep the pig house in a quiet environment, clean and dry, comfortable and warm, heatstroke in summer and cold in winter, so that sows can be fully rested. Second, we must maintain adequate light in the pigsty. As far as possible, sows and pigs should be exposed to sunlight and fresh air to enhance their physical fitness. Third, to fix the nipple, often check the breast, if there is damage and timely treatment. Fourth, training sows to develop the habit of alternating lying on both sides, easy to uniform breast development and sub-broiler milk. Fifth, we should adopt early weaning (21 days to 28 days) weaning, the pigs can be kept in the original circle after weaning.
The establishment of a sound prevention and control system for breeder swine disease prevention and control systems is a guarantee for raising pigs and raising pig products. The principle of prevention must be adopted to ensure the healthy and safe development of breeding pigs. First, we must formulate a complete immunization program, carry out immunization and disinfection in a planned and systematic manner, implement standardized operations, and control the occurrence of swine diseases. Second, we must use the vaccine produced by regular manufacturers, whether it is imported vaccines or domestic vaccines, all must have approval. Third, according to the instructions to preserve and transport the vaccine, and some vaccines are stored at 4 °C ~ 8 °C, but some pig farms do not pay attention to the use of ice (below 0 °C) preservation, resulting in vaccine failure. Fourth, we must ensure that one needle and one pig are injected into the vaccine, and that each pig should be given a sufficient dose. If there is a vaccine outflow during the injection, it should be recharged promptly. Fifth, there must be records of vaccine injections to ensure that each pig is immunized and records are perfect. Sixth, we must strengthen forecasting and quarantine inspection of breeding pigs.
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